Nobel Prize/Catalogs/Physiology or Medicine: Difference between revisions
imported>Chris Day |
Pat Palmer (talk | contribs) m (Text replacement - "United States" to "United States of America") |
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|1933 | |1933 | ||
|[[Thomas H. Morgan]] | |[[Thomas H. Morgan]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovering the role of [[chromosome]]s in [[heredity]] | |discovering the role of [[chromosome]]s in [[heredity]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |1934 | |rowspan=3 |1934 | ||
|[[George H. Whipple]] | |[[George H. Whipple]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |work on [[liver]] therapy for [[anemia]] | |rowspan=3 |work on [[liver]] therapy for [[anemia]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[George R. Minot]] | |[[George R. Minot]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[William P. Murphy]] | |[[William P. Murphy]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1935 | |1935 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Edward A. Doisy]] | |[[Edward A. Doisy]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K | |discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1944 | |rowspan=2 |1944 | ||
|[[Joseph Erlanger]] | |[[Joseph Erlanger]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |work on the different types and functions of single nerve fibres | |rowspan=2 |work on the different types and functions of single nerve fibres | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Herbert S. Gasser]] | |[[Herbert S. Gasser]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |1945 | |rowspan=3 |1945 | ||
Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
|1946 | |1946 | ||
|[[Hermann J. Muller]] | |[[Hermann J. Muller]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery that [[mutation]]s can be induced by [[x-ray]]s | |discovery that [[mutation]]s can be induced by [[x-ray]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan = 3|1947 | |rowspan = 3|1947 | ||
|[[Carl Cori]] | |[[Carl Cori]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of how [[glycogen]] is converted to [[glucose]] | |rowspan=2 |discovery of how [[glycogen]] is converted to [[glucose]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Gerty Cori]] | |[[Gerty Cori]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Bernardo Houssay]] | |[[Bernardo Houssay]] | ||
Line 294: | Line 294: | ||
|rowspan=3 |1950 | |rowspan=3 |1950 | ||
|[[Edward C. Kendall]] | |[[Edward C. Kendall]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |discoveries relating to the [[hormone]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]], their structure and biological effects | |rowspan=3 |discoveries relating to the [[hormone]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]], their structure and biological effects | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Philip S. Hench]] | |[[Philip S. Hench]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | |1951 | ||
Line 310: | Line 310: | ||
|1952 | |1952 | ||
|[[Selman A. Waksman]] | |[[Selman A. Waksman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[antibiotic]] effective against [[tuberculosis]] | |discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[antibiotic]] effective against [[tuberculosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 319: | Line 319: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Fritz Lipmann]] | |[[Fritz Lipmann]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery and research on [[coenzyme A]] | |discovery and research on [[coenzyme A]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |1954 | |rowspan=3 |1954 | ||
|[[John F. Enders]] | |[[John F. Enders]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |cultivation of [[poliomyelitis]] [[virus]]es in [[tissue culture]] | |rowspan=3 |cultivation of [[poliomyelitis]] [[virus]]es in [[tissue culture]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Thomas H. Weller]] | |[[Thomas H. Weller]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Frederick C. Robbins]] | |[[Frederick C. Robbins]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | |1955 | ||
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|rowspan=3 |1956 | |rowspan=3 |1956 | ||
|[[André F. Cournand]] | |[[André F. Cournand]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |development of [[heart]] [[catheter]]ization and discoveries in cardiovascular pathologies | |rowspan=3 |development of [[heart]] [[catheter]]ization and discoveries in cardiovascular pathologies | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Dickinson W. Richards]] | |[[Dickinson W. Richards]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | |1957 | ||
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|rowspan=3 |1958 | |rowspan=3 |1958 | ||
|[[George Beadle]] | |[[George Beadle]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery that [[gene]]s act by regulating definite chemical events | |rowspan=2 |discovery that [[gene]]s act by regulating definite chemical events | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Edward Tatum]] | |[[Edward Tatum]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Joshua Lederberg]] | |[[Joshua Lederberg]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discoveries relating to genetic recombination and the organisation of genetic material in bacteria | |discoveries relating to genetic recombination and the organisation of genetic material in bacteria | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |1959 | |rowspan=2 |1959 | ||
|[[Severo Ochoa]] | |[[Severo Ochoa]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of the [[nucleic acid]]s [[RNA]] and [[DNA]] | |rowspan=2 |discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of the [[nucleic acid]]s [[RNA]] and [[DNA]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Arthur Kornberg]] | |[[Arthur Kornberg]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1960 | |rowspan=2 |1960 | ||
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|1961 | |1961 | ||
|[[Georg von Békésy]] | |[[Georg von Békésy]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of the physical mechanism of stimulation in the [[cochlea]] of the [[ear]] | |discovery of the physical mechanism of stimulation in the [[cochlea]] of the [[ear]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[James Dewey Watson|James Watson]] | |[[James Dewey Watson|James Watson]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Maurice Wilkins]] | |[[Maurice Wilkins]] | ||
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|rowspan=2 |1964 | |rowspan=2 |1964 | ||
|[[Konrad Bloch]] | |[[Konrad Bloch]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |research on [[cholesterol]] and [[fatty acid]] [[metabolism]] | |rowspan=2 |research on [[cholesterol]] and [[fatty acid]] [[metabolism]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|rowspan=2|1966 | |rowspan=2|1966 | ||
|[[Peyton Rous]] | |[[Peyton Rous]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of [[virus]]es that induce [[tumour]]s | |discovery of [[virus]]es that induce [[tumour]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Charles B. Huggins]] | |[[Charles B. Huggins]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discoveries relating to the hormonal treatment of [[prostate cancer]] | |discoveries relating to the hormonal treatment of [[prostate cancer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Haldan K. Hartline]] | |[[Haldan K. Hartline]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[George Wald]] | |[[George Wald]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |1968 | |rowspan=3 |1968 | ||
|[[Robert W. Holley]] | |[[Robert W. Holley]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |interpretation of the [[genetic code]] and its function [[protein synthesis]] | |rowspan=3 |interpretation of the [[genetic code]] and its function [[protein synthesis]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[H. Gobind Khorana]] | |[[H. Gobind Khorana]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Marshall W. Nirenberg]] | |[[Marshall W. Nirenberg]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |1969 | |rowspan=3 |1969 | ||
|[[Max Delbrück]] | |[[Max Delbrück]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |research into the replication mechanism and genetic structure of [[virus]]es" | |rowspan=3 |research into the replication mechanism and genetic structure of [[virus]]es" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Alfred D. Hershey]] | |[[Alfred D. Hershey]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Salvador E. Luria]] | |[[Salvador E. Luria]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |1970 | |rowspan=3 |1970 | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Julius Axelrod]] | |[[Julius Axelrod]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1971 | |1971 | ||
|[[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] | |[[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|research into the mechanisms of action of [[hormone]]s, especially [[epinephrine]] via [[cyclic AMP]] | |research into the mechanisms of action of [[hormone]]s, especially [[epinephrine]] via [[cyclic AMP]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1972 | |rowspan=2 |1972 | ||
|[[Gerald M. Edelman]] | |[[Gerald M. Edelman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discoveries in the chemical structure of [[antibody|antibodies]] | |rowspan=2 |discoveries in the chemical structure of [[antibody|antibodies]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[George E. Palade]] | |[[George E. Palade]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |1975 | |rowspan=3 |1975 | ||
|[[David Baltimore]] | |[[David Baltimore]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |research into the interaction between [[tumour virus]]es and the genetic material of the cell | |rowspan=3 |research into the interaction between [[tumour virus]]es and the genetic material of the cell | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Renato Dulbecco]] | |[[Renato Dulbecco]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Howard M. Temin]] | |[[Howard M. Temin]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1976 | |rowspan=2 |1976 | ||
|[[Baruch S. Blumberg]] | |[[Baruch S. Blumberg]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |research into new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious disease | |rowspan=2 |research into new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious disease | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[D. Carleton Gajdusek]] | |[[D. Carleton Gajdusek]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |1977 | |rowspan=3 |1977 | ||
|[[Roger Guillemin]] | |[[Roger Guillemin]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |work on [[peptide hormone]]s produced in the [[brain]]" | |rowspan=2 |work on [[peptide hormone]]s produced in the [[brain]]" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Andrew V. Schally]] | |[[Andrew V. Schally]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Rosalyn Yalow]] | |[[Rosalyn Yalow]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|development of radioimmunoassays for peptide hormones | |development of radioimmunoassays for peptide hormones | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Daniel Nathans]] | |[[Daniel Nathans]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Hamilton O. Smith]] | |[[Hamilton O. Smith]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |1979 | |rowspan=2 |1979 | ||
|[[Allan M. Cormack]] | |[[Allan M. Cormack]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |development of [[computer assisted tomography]] | |rowspan=2 |development of [[computer assisted tomography]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|rowspan=3 |1980 | |rowspan=3 |1980 | ||
|[[Baruj Benacerraf]] | |[[Baruj Benacerraf]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |research into the genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunlogical reactions | |rowspan=3 |research into the genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunlogical reactions | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[George D. Snell]] | |[[George D. Snell]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3|1981 | |rowspan=3|1981 | ||
|[[Roger W. Sperry]] | |[[Roger W. Sperry]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|research on the functional specialisation of the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s | |research on the functional specialisation of the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[David H. Hubel]] | |[[David H. Hubel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |work on information processing in the visual system | |rowspan=2 |work on information processing in the visual system | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|1983 | |1983 | ||
|[[Barbara McClintock]] | |[[Barbara McClintock]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of mobile genetic elements | |discovery of mobile genetic elements | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|rowspan=2 |1985 | |rowspan=2 |1985 | ||
|[[Michael S. Brown]] | |[[Michael S. Brown]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |research on the regulation of [[cholesterol]] [[metabolism]] | |rowspan=2 |research on the regulation of [[cholesterol]] [[metabolism]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Joseph L. Goldstein]] | |[[Joseph L. Goldstein]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1986 | |rowspan=2 |1986 | ||
|[[Stanley Cohen]] | |[[Stanley Cohen]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of [[growth factor]]s | |rowspan=2 |discovery of [[growth factor]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] | |[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] | ||
|[[Italy]]/[[United States]] | |[[Italy]]/[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1987 | |1987 | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Gertrude B. Elion]] | |[[Gertrude B. Elion]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[George H. Hitchings]] | |[[George H. Hitchings]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |1989 | |rowspan=2 |1989 | ||
|[[J. Michael Bishop]] | |[[J. Michael Bishop]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of the cellular origin of [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogene]]s | |rowspan=2 |discovery of the cellular origin of [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogene]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Harold E. Varmus]] | |[[Harold E. Varmus]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1990 | |rowspan=2 |1990 | ||
|[[Joseph E. Murray]] | |[[Joseph E. Murray]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |work on organ and cell [[transplantation]] | |rowspan=2 |work on organ and cell [[transplantation]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[E. Donnall Thomas]] | |[[E. Donnall Thomas]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |1991 | |rowspan=2 |1991 | ||
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|rowspan=2 |1992 | |rowspan=2 |1992 | ||
|[[Edmond H. Fischer]] | |[[Edmond H. Fischer]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]]/[[United States]] | |[[Switzerland]]/[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |for discovering how [[phosphorylation]] of [[protein]]s is used to regulate biological processes | |rowspan=2 |for discovering how [[phosphorylation]] of [[protein]]s is used to regulate biological processes | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Edwin G. Krebs]] | |[[Edwin G. Krebs]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |1993 | |rowspan=2 |1993 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Phillip A. Sharp]] | |[[Phillip A. Sharp]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1994 | |rowspan=2 |1994 | ||
|[[Alfred G. Gilman]] | |[[Alfred G. Gilman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of [[G protein]]s and their role in [[signal transduction]] in cells | |rowspan=2 |discovery of [[G protein]]s and their role in [[signal transduction]] in cells | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Martin Rodbell]] | |[[Martin Rodbell]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |1995 | |rowspan=3 |1995 | ||
|[[Edward B. Lewis]] | |[[Edward B. Lewis]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |research into the genetic control of early embryonic development | |rowspan=3 |research into the genetic control of early embryonic development | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Eric F. Wieschaus]] | |[[Eric F. Wieschaus]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 |1996 | |rowspan=2 |1996 | ||
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|1997 | |1997 | ||
|[[Stanley B. Prusiner]] | |[[Stanley B. Prusiner]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery of [[prion]]s | |discovery of [[prion]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |1998 | |rowspan=3 |1998 | ||
|[[Robert F. Furchgott]] | |[[Robert F. Furchgott]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |elucidating [[nitric oxide]]'s role as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system | |rowspan=3 |elucidating [[nitric oxide]]'s role as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Louis J. Ignarro]] | |[[Louis J. Ignarro]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Ferid Murad]] | |[[Ferid Murad]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1999 | |1999 | ||
|[[Günter Blobel]] | |[[Günter Blobel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|discovery that [[protein]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell | |discovery that [[protein]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Paul Greengard]] | |[[Paul Greengard]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Eric R. Kandel]] | |[[Eric R. Kandel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 |2001 | |rowspan=3 |2001 | ||
|[[Leland H. Hartwell]] | |[[Leland H. Hartwell]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |discovery of [[cyclin]] and [[cyclin dependent kinase]], central molecules in the regulation of the [[cell cycle]] | |rowspan=3 |discovery of [[cyclin]] and [[cyclin dependent kinase]], central molecules in the regulation of the [[cell cycle]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[H. Robert Horvitz]] | |[[H. Robert Horvitz]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[John E. Sulston]] | |[[John E. Sulston]] | ||
Line 771: | Line 771: | ||
|rowspan=2 |2003 | |rowspan=2 |2003 | ||
|[[Paul C. Lauterbur]] | |[[Paul C. Lauterbur]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discoveries concerning [[magnetic resonance imaging]] | |rowspan=2 |discoveries concerning [[magnetic resonance imaging]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 779: | Line 779: | ||
|rowspan=2 |2004 | |rowspan=2 |2004 | ||
|[[Richard Axel]] | |[[Richard Axel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]] | |rowspan=2 |discovery of [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Linda B. Buck]] | |[[Linda B. Buck]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 |2005 | |rowspan=2 |2005 | ||
Line 795: | Line 795: | ||
|rowspan=2 |2006 | |rowspan=2 |2006 | ||
|[[Andrew Z. Fire]] | |[[Andrew Z. Fire]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=2 |discovery of [[RNA interference]] - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA | |rowspan=2 |discovery of [[RNA interference]] - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|[[Craig C. Mello]] | |[[Craig C. Mello]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 |2007 | |rowspan=3 |2007 | ||
|[[Mario R. Capecchi]] | |[[Mario R. Capecchi]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
|rowspan=3 |discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic [[stem cell]]s | |rowspan=3 |discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic [[stem cell]]s | ||
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|[[Oliver Smithies]] | |[[Oliver Smithies]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States of America]] | ||
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Revision as of 14:07, 2 February 2023
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is one of the five original Nobel Prizes founded by Alfred Nobel's will in 1901. It is awarded annually.
Notes
- ↑ As given by the Nobel Foundation at the time of the award, which is not necessarily the same as the location of research or birthplace.
- ↑ Banting shared his part of the prize with his co-worker Charles Best