Nobel Prize/Catalogs/Physiology or Medicine: Difference between revisions
imported>Supten Sarbadhikari No edit summary |
imported>Caesar Schinas m (Bot: Delinking years) |
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!Prize awarded for: | !Prize awarded for: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1901 | ||
|[[Emil von Behring]] | |[[Emil von Behring]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|work on serum therapy to treat [[diphtheria]] | |work on serum therapy to treat [[diphtheria]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1902 | ||
|[[Ronald Ross]] | |[[Ronald Ross]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|research on [[malaria]] | |research on [[malaria]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1903 | ||
|[[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] | |[[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] | ||
|[[Denmark]] | |[[Denmark]] | ||
|use of light radiation in the treatment of disease, particularly [[lupus vulgaris]] | |use of light radiation in the treatment of disease, particularly [[lupus vulgaris]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1904 | ||
|[[Ivan Petrovich Pavlov]] | |[[Ivan Petrovich Pavlov]] | ||
|[[Russia]] | |[[Russia]] | ||
|work on the physiology of [[digestion]] | |work on the physiology of [[digestion]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1905 | ||
|[[Robert Koch]] | |[[Robert Koch]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|research on [[tuberculosis]] | |research on [[tuberculosis]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1906 | ||
|[[Camillo Golgi]] | |[[Camillo Golgi]] | ||
|[[Italy]] | |[[Italy]] | ||
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|[[Spain]] | |[[Spain]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1907 | ||
|[[Alphonse Laveran]] | |[[Alphonse Laveran]] | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
|research into [[protozoa]]l diseases | |research into [[protozoa]]l diseases | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1908 | ||
|[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]] | |[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]] | ||
|[[Russia]] | |[[Russia]] | ||
Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1909 | ||
|[[Theodor Kocher]] | |[[Theodor Kocher]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]] | |[[Switzerland]] | ||
|work on the [[thyroid gland]] | |work on the [[thyroid gland]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1910 | ||
|[[Albrecht Kossel]] | |[[Albrecht Kossel]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|research in [[biochemistry]] | |research in [[biochemistry]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1911 | ||
|[[Allvar Gullstrand]] | |[[Allvar Gullstrand]] | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
|research on the [[optics]] of the [[eye]] | |research on the [[optics]] of the [[eye]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1912 | ||
|[[Alexis Carrel]] | |[[Alexis Carrel]] | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
|work on vascular [[suture]] and [[transplantation]] of [[blood vessel]]s | |work on vascular [[suture]] and [[transplantation]] of [[blood vessel]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1913 | ||
|[[Charles Richet]] | |[[Charles Richet]] | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
|research into [[anaphylaxis]] | |research into [[anaphylaxis]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1914 | ||
|[[Robert Bárány]] | |[[Robert Bárány]] | ||
|[[Austria]] | |[[Austria]] | ||
|research on the [[vestibular apparatus]] of the inner [[ear]] | |research on the [[vestibular apparatus]] of the inner [[ear]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1915 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1916 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1917 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1918 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1919 | ||
|[[Jules Bordet]] | |[[Jules Bordet]] | ||
|[[Belgium]] | |[[Belgium]] | ||
|discoveries relating to [[immunity]] | |discoveries relating to [[immunity]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1920 | ||
|[[August Krogh]] | |[[August Krogh]] | ||
|[[Denmark]] | |[[Denmark]] | ||
|discovery of the [[capillary]] motor regulating mechanism | |discovery of the [[capillary]] motor regulating mechanism | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1921 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1922 | ||
|[[Archibald Vivian Hill]] | |[[Archibald Vivian Hill]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
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|discovery of the relationship between [[oxygen]] consumption and [[lactic acid]] metabolism in muscle | |discovery of the relationship between [[oxygen]] consumption and [[lactic acid]] metabolism in muscle | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1923 | ||
|[[Frederick G. Banting]]<ref>Banting shared his part of the prize with his co-worker [[Charles Best]]</ref> | |[[Frederick G. Banting]]<ref>Banting shared his part of the prize with his co-worker [[Charles Best]]</ref> | ||
|[[Canada]] | |[[Canada]] | ||
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|[[Canada]] | |[[Canada]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1924 | ||
|[[Willem Einthoven]] | |[[Willem Einthoven]] | ||
|[[Netherlands]] | |[[Netherlands]] | ||
|discovery of the mechanism of the [[electrocardiogram]] | |discovery of the mechanism of the [[electrocardiogram]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1925 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1926 | ||
|[[Johannes Fibiger]] | |[[Johannes Fibiger]] | ||
|[[Denmark]] | |[[Denmark]] | ||
|discovery of ''[[Gongylonema neoplasticum]]'', an [[helminth]]ic [[parasite]] that induces [[gastric cancer]] | |discovery of ''[[Gongylonema neoplasticum]]'', an [[helminth]]ic [[parasite]] that induces [[gastric cancer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1927 | ||
|[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] | |[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] | ||
|[[Austria]] | |[[Austria]] | ||
|the use of [[malaria]] inoculation in the treatment of [[general paralysis]] | |the use of [[malaria]] inoculation in the treatment of [[general paralysis]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1928 | ||
|[[Charles Nicolle]] | |[[Charles Nicolle]] | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
|work on [[typhus]] | |work on [[typhus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1929 | ||
|[[Christiaan Eijkman]] | |[[Christiaan Eijkman]] | ||
|[[Netherlands]] | |[[Netherlands]] | ||
Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
|discovery of growth-stimulating [[vitamin]]s | |discovery of growth-stimulating [[vitamin]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1930 | ||
|[[Karl Landsteiner]] | |[[Karl Landsteiner]] | ||
|[[Austria]] | |[[Austria]] | ||
|discovery of human [[blood group]]s | |discovery of human [[blood group]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1931 | ||
|[[Otto Warburg]] | |[[Otto Warburg]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|discovery of the nature and mode of action of [[respiratory enzyme]] | |discovery of the nature and mode of action of [[respiratory enzyme]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1932 | ||
|Sir [[Charles Sherrington]] | |Sir [[Charles Sherrington]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
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|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1933 | ||
|[[Thomas H. Morgan]] | |[[Thomas H. Morgan]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovering the role of [[chromosome]]s in [[heredity]] | |discovering the role of [[chromosome]]s in [[heredity]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1934 | ||
|[[George H. Whipple]] | |[[George H. Whipple]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 196: | Line 196: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1935 | ||
|[[Hans Spemann]] | |[[Hans Spemann]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|discovery of the organizing center in [[embryo]]nic development | |discovery of the organizing center in [[embryo]]nic development | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1936 | ||
|Sir [[Henry Dale]] | |Sir [[Henry Dale]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
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|[[Austria]] | |[[Austria]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1937 | ||
|[[Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt]] | |[[Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt]] | ||
|[[Hungary]] | |[[Hungary]] | ||
|work on the [[biochemistry]] of [[cell respiration]], with special reference to [[vitamin C]] and [[fumaric acid]] | |work on the [[biochemistry]] of [[cell respiration]], with special reference to [[vitamin C]] and [[fumaric acid]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1938 | ||
|[[Corneille Heymans]] | |[[Corneille Heymans]] | ||
|[[Belgium]] | |[[Belgium]] | ||
|discovery of the roles of the [[sinus]] and [[aorta]] in the regulation of [[respiration]] | |discovery of the roles of the [[sinus]] and [[aorta]] in the regulation of [[respiration]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1939 | ||
|[[Gerhard Domagk]] | |[[Gerhard Domagk]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|discovery of the antibacterial effects of the [[sulphonamide]], [[Prontosil]] | |discovery of the antibacterial effects of the [[sulphonamide]], [[Prontosil]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1940 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1941 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1942 | ||
|colspan=3 |No award | |colspan=3 |No award | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1943 | ||
|[[Henrik Dam]] | |[[Henrik Dam]] | ||
|[[Denmark]] | |[[Denmark]] | ||
Line 242: | Line 242: | ||
|discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K | |discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1944 | ||
|[[Joseph Erlanger]] | |[[Joseph Erlanger]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 250: | Line 250: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1945 | ||
|Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] | |Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
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|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1946 | ||
|[[Hermann J. Muller]] | |[[Hermann J. Muller]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery that [[mutation]]s can be induced by [[x-ray]]s | |discovery that [[mutation]]s can be induced by [[x-ray]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan = 3| | |rowspan = 3|1947 | ||
|[[Carl Cori]] | |[[Carl Cori]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 278: | Line 278: | ||
|discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior [[pituitary]] lobe in the metabolism of sugar | |discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior [[pituitary]] lobe in the metabolism of sugar | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1948 | ||
|[[Paul Müller]] | |[[Paul Müller]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]] | |[[Switzerland]] | ||
|discovery of the [[insecticide]] action of [[DDT]] | |discovery of the [[insecticide]] action of [[DDT]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1949 | ||
|[[Walter Hess]] | |[[Walter Hess]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]] | |[[Switzerland]] | ||
Line 292: | Line 292: | ||
|discovery of the therapeutic effect of prefrontal [[lobotomy]] | |discovery of the therapeutic effect of prefrontal [[lobotomy]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1950 | ||
|[[Edward C. Kendall]] | |[[Edward C. Kendall]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 303: | Line 303: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1951 | ||
|[[Max Theiler]] | |[[Max Theiler]] | ||
|[[South Africa]] | |[[South Africa]] | ||
|developing a [[vaccine]] against [[yellow fever]] | |developing a [[vaccine]] against [[yellow fever]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
| | |1952 | ||
|[[Selman A. Waksman]] | |[[Selman A. Waksman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[antibiotic]] effective against [[tuberculosis]] | |discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[antibiotic]] effective against [[tuberculosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2| | |rowspan=2|1953 | ||
|[[Hans Krebs]] | |[[Hans Krebs]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 322: | Line 322: | ||
|discovery and research on [[coenzyme A]] | |discovery and research on [[coenzyme A]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1954 | ||
|[[John F. Enders]] | |[[John F. Enders]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 333: | Line 333: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1955 | ||
|[[Hugo Theorell]] | |[[Hugo Theorell]] | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
|discoveries on the nature and mode of action of [[oxidation]] enzymes | |discoveries on the nature and mode of action of [[oxidation]] enzymes | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1956 | ||
|[[André F. Cournand]] | |[[André F. Cournand]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 349: | Line 349: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1957 | ||
|[[Daniel Bovet]] | |[[Daniel Bovet]] | ||
|[[Italy]] | |[[Italy]] | ||
|discoveries relating to synthetic drugs, including [[antihistamine]]s | |discoveries relating to synthetic drugs, including [[antihistamine]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1958 | ||
|[[George Beadle]] | |[[George Beadle]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 366: | Line 366: | ||
|discoveries relating to genetic recombination and the organisation of genetic material in bacteria | |discoveries relating to genetic recombination and the organisation of genetic material in bacteria | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1959 | ||
|[[Severo Ochoa]] | |[[Severo Ochoa]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
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|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1960 | ||
|Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]] | |Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]] | ||
|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
Line 382: | Line 382: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1961 | ||
|[[Georg von Békésy]] | |[[Georg von Békésy]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery of the physical mechanism of stimulation in the [[cochlea]] of the [[ear]] | |discovery of the physical mechanism of stimulation in the [[cochlea]] of the [[ear]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1962 | ||
|[[Francis Crick]] | |[[Francis Crick]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 398: | Line 398: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] / [[New Zealand]] | |[[United Kingdom]] / [[New Zealand]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1963 | ||
|Sir [[John Eccles]] | |Sir [[John Eccles]] | ||
|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
Line 409: | Line 409: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1964 | ||
|[[Konrad Bloch]] | |[[Konrad Bloch]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 417: | Line 417: | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1965 | ||
|[[François Jacob]] | |[[François Jacob]] | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
Line 428: | Line 428: | ||
|[[France]] | |[[France]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2| | |rowspan=2|1966 | ||
|[[Peyton Rous]] | |[[Peyton Rous]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 437: | Line 437: | ||
|discoveries relating to the hormonal treatment of [[prostate cancer]] | |discoveries relating to the hormonal treatment of [[prostate cancer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1967 | ||
|[[Ragnar Granit]] | |[[Ragnar Granit]] | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
Line 448: | Line 448: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1968 | ||
|[[Robert W. Holley]] | |[[Robert W. Holley]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 459: | Line 459: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1969 | ||
|[[Max Delbrück]] | |[[Max Delbrück]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 470: | Line 470: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1970 | ||
|Sir [[Bernard Katz]] | |Sir [[Bernard Katz]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 481: | Line 481: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1971 | ||
|[[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] | |[[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|research into the mechanisms of action of [[hormone]]s, especially [[epinephrine]] via [[cyclic AMP]] | |research into the mechanisms of action of [[hormone]]s, especially [[epinephrine]] via [[cyclic AMP]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1972 | ||
|[[Gerald M. Edelman]] | |[[Gerald M. Edelman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 494: | Line 494: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1973 | ||
|[[Karl von Frisch]] | |[[Karl von Frisch]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
Line 505: | Line 505: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1974 | ||
|[[Albert Claude]] | |[[Albert Claude]] | ||
|[[Belgium]] | |[[Belgium]] | ||
Line 516: | Line 516: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1975 | ||
|[[David Baltimore]] | |[[David Baltimore]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 527: | Line 527: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1976 | ||
|[[Baruch S. Blumberg]] | |[[Baruch S. Blumberg]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 535: | Line 535: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1977 | ||
|[[Roger Guillemin]] | |[[Roger Guillemin]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 547: | Line 547: | ||
|development of radioimmunoassays for peptide hormones | |development of radioimmunoassays for peptide hormones | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1978 | ||
|[[Werner Arber]] | |[[Werner Arber]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]] | |[[Switzerland]] | ||
Line 558: | Line 558: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1979 | ||
|[[Allan M. Cormack]] | |[[Allan M. Cormack]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 566: | Line 566: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1980 | ||
|[[Baruj Benacerraf]] | |[[Baruj Benacerraf]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 577: | Line 577: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3| | |rowspan=3|1981 | ||
|[[Roger W. Sperry]] | |[[Roger W. Sperry]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 589: | Line 589: | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1982 | ||
|[[Sune K. Bergström]] | |[[Sune K. Bergström]] | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
Line 600: | Line 600: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1983 | ||
|[[Barbara McClintock]] | |[[Barbara McClintock]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery of mobile genetic elements | |discovery of mobile genetic elements | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1984 | ||
|[[Niels K. Jerne]] | |[[Niels K. Jerne]] | ||
|[[Denmark]] | |[[Denmark]] | ||
Line 616: | Line 616: | ||
|[[Argentina]] / [[United Kingdom]] | |[[Argentina]] / [[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1985 | ||
|[[Michael S. Brown]] | |[[Michael S. Brown]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 624: | Line 624: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1986 | ||
|[[Stanley Cohen]] | |[[Stanley Cohen]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 632: | Line 632: | ||
|[[Italy]]/[[United States]] | |[[Italy]]/[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1987 | ||
|[[Susumu Tonegawa]] | |[[Susumu Tonegawa]] | ||
|[[Japan]] | |[[Japan]] | ||
|discovery of the genetic principle of [[antibody]] diversity | |discovery of the genetic principle of [[antibody]] diversity | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1988 | ||
|Sir [[James W. Black]] | |Sir [[James W. Black]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 648: | Line 648: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1989 | ||
|[[J. Michael Bishop]] | |[[J. Michael Bishop]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 656: | Line 656: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1990 | ||
|[[Joseph E. Murray]] | |[[Joseph E. Murray]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 664: | Line 664: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1991 | ||
|[[Erwin Neher]] | |[[Erwin Neher]] | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
Line 672: | Line 672: | ||
|[[Germany]] | |[[Germany]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1992 | ||
|[[Edmond H. Fischer]] | |[[Edmond H. Fischer]] | ||
|[[Switzerland]]/[[United States]] | |[[Switzerland]]/[[United States]] | ||
Line 680: | Line 680: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1993 | ||
|[[Richard J. Roberts]] | |[[Richard J. Roberts]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 688: | Line 688: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1994 | ||
|[[Alfred G. Gilman]] | |[[Alfred G. Gilman]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 696: | Line 696: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1995 | ||
|[[Edward B. Lewis]] | |[[Edward B. Lewis]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 707: | Line 707: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |1996 | ||
|[[Peter C. Doherty]] | |[[Peter C. Doherty]] | ||
|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
Line 715: | Line 715: | ||
|[[Switzerland]] | |[[Switzerland]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1997 | ||
|[[Stanley B. Prusiner]] | |[[Stanley B. Prusiner]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery of [[prion]]s | |discovery of [[prion]]s | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |1998 | ||
|[[Robert F. Furchgott]] | |[[Robert F. Furchgott]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 731: | Line 731: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1999 | ||
|[[Günter Blobel]] | |[[Günter Blobel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|discovery that [[protein]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell | |discovery that [[protein]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |2000 | ||
|[[Arvid Carlsson]] | |[[Arvid Carlsson]] | ||
|[[Sweden]] | |[[Sweden]] | ||
Line 747: | Line 747: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |2001 | ||
|[[Leland H. Hartwell]] | |[[Leland H. Hartwell]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 758: | Line 758: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |2002 | ||
|[[Sydney Brenner]] | |[[Sydney Brenner]] | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
Line 769: | Line 769: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |2003 | ||
|[[Paul C. Lauterbur]] | |[[Paul C. Lauterbur]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 777: | Line 777: | ||
|[[United Kingdom]] | |[[United Kingdom]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |2004 | ||
|[[Richard Axel]] | |[[Richard Axel]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 785: | Line 785: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |2005 | ||
|[[Barry J. Marshall]] | |[[Barry J. Marshall]] | ||
|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
Line 793: | Line 793: | ||
|[[Australia]] | |[[Australia]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=2 | | |rowspan=2 |2006 | ||
|[[Andrew Z. Fire]] | |[[Andrew Z. Fire]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
Line 801: | Line 801: | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] | ||
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" | ||
|rowspan=3 | | |rowspan=3 |2007 | ||
|[[Mario R. Capecchi]] | |[[Mario R. Capecchi]] | ||
|[[United States]] | |[[United States]] |
Revision as of 07:00, 9 June 2009
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is one of the five original Nobel Prizes founded by Alfred Nobel's will in 1901. It is awarded annually.
Notes
- ↑ As given by the Nobel Foundation at the time of the award, which is not necessarily the same as the location of research or birthplace.
- ↑ Banting shared his part of the prize with his co-worker Charles Best