Europe/Addendum: Difference between revisions
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imported>Domergue Sumien (→The states of Europe: homogeneous typography) |
imported>Domergue Sumien |
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| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
|[[Tirana]] | |[[Tirana]] | ||
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]] | |[[Albanian language|Albanian]] | ||
| | |28,748 | ||
| | | | ||
|application<br>submitted | |application<br>submitted | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
|[[Andorra la Vella]] | |[[Andorra la Vella]] | ||
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]] | |[[Catalan language|Catalan]] | ||
| | |468 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
|[[Yerevan]] | |[[Yerevan]] | ||
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]] | |[[Armenian language|Armenian]] | ||
| | |29,743 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
|[[Vienna]] | |[[Vienna]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |83,871 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
|[[Baku]] | |[[Baku]] | ||
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]] | |[[Azeri language|Azeri]] | ||
| | |86,600 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 98: | Line 98: | ||
|[[Minsk]] | |[[Minsk]] | ||
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]] | |[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]] | ||
| | |207,600 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
|[[Brussels]] | |[[Brussels]] | ||
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]] | |[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |30,528 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 128: | Line 128: | ||
|[[Sarajevo]] | |[[Sarajevo]] | ||
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
| | |51,197 | ||
| | | | ||
|potential<br>candidate | |potential<br>candidate | ||
| Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
|[[Sofia]] | |[[Sofia]] | ||
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] | |[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] | ||
| | |110,879 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 158: | Line 158: | ||
|[[Zagreb]] | |[[Zagreb]] | ||
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]] | |[[Croatian language|Croatian]] | ||
| | |56,594 | ||
| | | | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| Line 173: | Line 173: | ||
|[[Nicosia]] | |[[Nicosia]] | ||
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | |[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | ||
| | |9,251 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 188: | Line 188: | ||
|[[Prague]] | |[[Prague]] | ||
|[[Czech language|Czech]] | |[[Czech language|Czech]] | ||
| | |78,867 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 203: | Line 203: | ||
|[[Copenhagen]] | |[[Copenhagen]] | ||
|[[Danish language|Danish]] | |[[Danish language|Danish]] | ||
| | |43,094 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 218: | Line 218: | ||
|[[Tallinn]] | |[[Tallinn]] | ||
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]] | |[[Estonian language|Estonian]] | ||
| | |45,228 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 233: | Line 233: | ||
|[[Helsinki]] | |[[Helsinki]] | ||
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | |[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | ||
| | |338,145 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 248: | Line 248: | ||
|[[Paris]] | |[[Paris]] | ||
|[[French language|French]] | |[[French language|French]] | ||
| | |551,500 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
|[[Tbilisi]] | |[[Tbilisi]] | ||
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | |[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | ||
| | |69,700 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 278: | Line 278: | ||
|[[Berlin]] | |[[Berlin]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |357,022 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 293: | Line 293: | ||
|[[Athens]] | |[[Athens]] | ||
|[[Greek language|Greek]] | |[[Greek language|Greek]] | ||
| | |131,957 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 308: | Line 308: | ||
|[[Budapest]] | |[[Budapest]] | ||
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] | |[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] | ||
| | |93,028 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 323: | Line 323: | ||
|[[Reykjavík]] | |[[Reykjavík]] | ||
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | |[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | ||
| | |103,000 | ||
| | | | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| Line 338: | Line 338: | ||
|[[Dublin]] | |[[Dublin]] | ||
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]] | |[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]] | ||
| | |70,273 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 353: | Line 353: | ||
|[[Rome]] | |[[Rome]] | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]] | ||
| | |301,340 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 368: | Line 368: | ||
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia) | |[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia) | ||
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] | |[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] | ||
| | |2,724,900 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 383: | Line 383: | ||
|[[Priština]] | |[[Priština]] | ||
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
| | |10,887 | ||
| | | | ||
|potential<br>candidate | |potential<br>candidate | ||
| Line 398: | Line 398: | ||
|[[Riga]] | |[[Riga]] | ||
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]] | |[[Latvian language|Latvian]] | ||
| | |64,589 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 413: | Line 413: | ||
|[[Vaduz]] | |[[Vaduz]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |160 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 426: | Line 426: | ||
|[[Vilnius]] | |[[Vilnius]] | ||
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | |[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | ||
| | |65,300 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 442: | Line 442: | ||
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] | |[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] | ||
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]] | |[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]] | ||
| | |2,586 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 457: | Line 457: | ||
|[[Skopje]] | |[[Skopje]] | ||
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] | |[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] | ||
| | |25,713 | ||
| | | | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| Line 472: | Line 472: | ||
|[[Valletta]] | |[[Valletta]] | ||
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]] | |[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]] | ||
| | |316 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 487: | Line 487: | ||
|[[Chișinău]] | |[[Chișinău]] | ||
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]] | |[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]] | ||
| | |33,851 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 502: | Line 502: | ||
|(city-sate) | |(city-sate) | ||
|[[French language|French]] | |[[French language|French]] | ||
| | |2 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 517: | Line 517: | ||
|[[Podgorica]] | |[[Podgorica]] | ||
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]] | |[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]] | ||
| | |13,812 | ||
| | | | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| Line 532: | Line 532: | ||
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]] | |[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]] | ||
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | |[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | ||
| | |41,543 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 547: | Line 547: | ||
|[[Oslo]] | |[[Oslo]] | ||
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] | |[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] | ||
| | |323,802 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 562: | Line 562: | ||
|[[Warsaw]] | |[[Warsaw]] | ||
|[[Polish language|Polish]] | |[[Polish language|Polish]] | ||
| | |312,685 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 577: | Line 577: | ||
|[[Lisbon]] | |[[Lisbon]] | ||
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | ||
| | |92,090 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 592: | Line 592: | ||
|[[Bucharest]] | |[[Bucharest]] | ||
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]] | |[[Romanian language|Romanian]] | ||
| | |238,391 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 607: | Line 607: | ||
|[[Moscow]] | |[[Moscow]] | ||
|[[Russian language|Russian]] | |[[Russian language|Russian]] | ||
| | |17,098,242 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 622: | Line 622: | ||
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]] | |[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]] | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]] | ||
| | |61 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 637: | Line 637: | ||
|[[Belgrade]] | |[[Belgrade]] | ||
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
| | |77,474 | ||
| | | | ||
|application<br>submitted | |application<br>submitted | ||
| Line 652: | Line 652: | ||
|[[Bratislava]] | |[[Bratislava]] | ||
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]] | |[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]] | ||
| | |49,035 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 667: | Line 667: | ||
|[[Ljubljana]] | |[[Ljubljana]] | ||
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] | |[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] | ||
| | |20,273 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 682: | Line 682: | ||
|[[Madrid]] | |[[Madrid]] | ||
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | |[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | ||
| | |505,370 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 697: | Line 697: | ||
|[[Stockholm]] | |[[Stockholm]] | ||
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | |[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | ||
| | |450,295 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 712: | Line 712: | ||
|[[Bern]] | |[[Bern]] | ||
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] | |[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] | ||
| | |41,277 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 727: | Line 727: | ||
|[[Ankara]] | |[[Ankara]] | ||
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | |[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | ||
| | |783,562 | ||
| | | | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| Line 742: | Line 742: | ||
|[[Kyiv]] | |[[Kyiv]] | ||
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] | |[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] | ||
| | |603,550 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 757: | Line 757: | ||
|[[London]] | |[[London]] | ||
|[[English language|English]] | |[[English language|English]] | ||
| | |243,610 | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>•</center> | |<center>•</center> | ||
| Line 772: | Line 772: | ||
|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome) | |(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome) | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]] | ||
| | |0.44 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Revision as of 05:28, 26 December 2010
The states of Europe
| state | capital | official state language |
area (km²) |
population (~2010)[1] |
European Union member |
eurozone member |
Council of Europe member |
NATO member |
GDP/head 2009 $ [2] |
exports % GDP 2009 [3] |
public debt % GDP 2009 |
unemploy- ment % 2009 |
IMF category [4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Tirana | Albanian | 28,748 | application submitted |
8,373 | 29 | 58 | 12.8 | E | ||||
| Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Catalan | 468 | euro user without agreement |
7.0 | ||||||||
| Armenia (edge of Europe) |
Yerevan | Armenian | 29,743 | 12 | 7.1 | E | |||||||
| Austria | Vienna | German | 83,871 | 38,363 | 66 | 4.8 | A | ||||||
| Azerbaijan (edge of Europe) |
Baku | Azeri | 86,600 | 9,638 | 51 | 6.0 | E | ||||||
| Belarus | Minsk | Belarussian | 207,600 | 13,039 | 51 | 1.0 | E | ||||||
| Belgium | Brussels | Dutch, French, German |
30,528 | 36,249 | 73 | 101 | 7.9 | A | |||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
51,197 | potential candidate |
€ peg[5] | 8,491 | 33 | 44 | 40 | E | |||
| Bulgaria | Sofia | Bulgarian | 110,879 | € peg[5] | 13,332 | 48 | 15 | 9.1 | E | ||||
| Croatia | Zagreb | Croatian | 56,594 | candidate | 19,805 | 36 | 46 | 16 | E | ||||
| Cyprus (edge of Europe) |
Nicosia | Greek, Turkish |
9,251 | 52 | 5.3 | ||||||||
| Czechia | Prague | Czech | 78,867 | 25,232 | 70 | 34 | 8.1 | A | |||||
| Denmark | Copenhagen | Danish | 43,094 | € peg[5] | 36,762 | 48 | 42 | 4.3 | A | ||||
| Estonia | Tallinn | Estonian | 45,228 | € peg[5] | 19,451 | 71 | 7 | 13.8 | E | ||||
| Finland | Helsinki | Finnish, Swedish |
338,145 | 34,720 | 37 | 40 | 8.2 | A | |||||
| France | Paris | French | 551,500 | 33,655 | 23 | 78 | 9.1 | A | |||||
| Georgia (edge of Europe) |
Tbilisi | Georgian | 69,700 | 4,774 | 30 | E | |||||||
| Germany | Berlin | German | 357,022 | 36,267 | 41 | 73 | 7.5 | A | |||||
| Greece | Athens | Greek | 131,957 | 29,663 | 19 | 113 | 9.4 | A | |||||
| Hungary | Budapest | Hungarian | 93,028 | € peg[5] | 19,764 | 78 | 10 | E | |||||
| Iceland | Reykjavík | Icelandic | 103,000 | candidate | 37,595 | 53 | 114 | 8.0 | A | ||||
| Ireland | Dublin | Irish, English |
70,273 | 41,278 | 89 | 65 | 11.8 | A | |||||
| Italy | Rome | Italian | 301,340 | 31,909 | 24 | 116 | 7.8 | A | |||||
| Kazakhstan (edge of Europe) |
Astana (in Asia) |
Kazakh | 2,724,900 | 11,509 | 52 | 14 | 6.3 | E | |||||
| Kosovo | Priština | Albanian, Serbian |
10,887 | potential candidate |
euro user without agreement |
41 | 16.6 | ||||||
| Latvia | Riga | Latvian | 64,589 | € peg[5] | 15,413 | 42 | 37 | 17 | E | ||||
| Liechtenstein | Vaduz | German | 160 | ||||||||||
| Lithuania | Vilnius | Lithuanian | 65,300 | € peg[5] | 16,747 | 30 | 14 | E | |||||
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg | German/ Luxembourgish, French |
2,586 | 169 | 5.7 | A | |||||||
| Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) |
Skopje | Macedonian | 25,713 | candidate | 10,823 | 44 | 32 | E | |||||
| Malta (edge of Europe) |
Valletta | Maltese, English |
316 | 69 | 7.0 | A | |||||||
| Moldova | Chișinău | Romanian (“Moldovan”) |
33,851 | 2,854 | 37 | 3.1 | E | ||||||
| Monaco | (city-sate) | French | 2 | euro user by agreement |
|||||||||
| Montenegro | Podgorica | Serbian (“Montenegrin”) |
13,812 | candidate | euro user without agreement |
13,292 | 33 | 38 | 15 | E | |||
| Netherlands | The Hague, Amsterdam |
Dutch | 41,543 | 40,715 | 69 | 61 | 4.5 | A | |||||
| Norway | Oslo | Norwegian | 323,802 | 55,672 | 42 | 50 | 3.2 | A | |||||
| Poland | Warsaw | Polish | 312,685 | € peg[5] | 19,059 | 39 | 46 | 11 | E | ||||
| Portugal | Lisbon | Portuguese | 92,090 | 24,569 | 28 | 77 | 9.5 | A | |||||
| Romania | Bucharest | Romanian | 238,391 | 14,199 | 33 | 24 | 7.8 | E | |||||
| Russia (edge of Europe) |
Moscow | Russian | 17,098,242 | 18,962 | 28 | 8.4 | E | ||||||
| San Marino | City of San Marino |
Italian | 61 | euro user by agreement |
|||||||||
| Serbia | Belgrade | Serbian | 77,474 | application submitted |
11,719 | 27 | 31 | 17 | E | ||||
| Slovakia | Bratislava | Slovakian | 49,035 | 22,356 | 99 | 36 | 11 | A | |||||
| Slovenia | Ljubljana | Slovenian | 20,273 | 27,004 | 59 | 31 | 9.2 | A | |||||
| Spain | Madrid | Spanish | 505,370 | 32,545 | 23 | 53 | 18 | A | |||||
| Sweden | Stockholm | Swedish | 450,295 | 37,905 | 42 | 42 | 8.3 | A | |||||
| Switzerland | Bern | German, French, Italian, Romansh |
41,277 | 45,117 | 52 | 41 | 3.7 | A | |||||
| Turkey (edge of Europe) |
Ankara | Turkish | 783,562 | candidate | 13,885 | 23 | 46 | 14 | E | ||||
| Ukraine | Kyiv | Ukrainian | 603,550 | 6,317 | 46 | 8.8 | A | ||||||
| United Kingdom | London | English | 243,610 | 36,496 | 28 | 68 | 7.5 | ||||||
| Vatican City | (city-state, inside Rome) |
Italian, Latin |
0.44 | euro user by agreement |
Note that Europe includes the following, de facto, independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: Abkhazia (edge of Europe), Nagorno-Karabakh (edge of Europe), Northern Cyprus (edge of Europe), South Ossetia (edge of Europe) and Transnistria.
The languages of Europe
The following list presents the current, autochtonous languages of Europe, classified by language families. Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not enlisted here.[6] Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.
Basque language
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basque | Spain, France | Spain (R) | endangered |
Indo-European languages
Celtic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Irish | Ireland, United Kingdom | Ireland | endangered |
| Scottish Gaelic | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
| Manx | Isle of Man | endangered | |
| Welsh (Cymric) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
| Cornish | United Kingdom | endangered | |
| Breton | France | endangered |
Germanic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icelandic | Iceland | Iceland | |
| Faroese | Faroe Islands | Faroe Islands (R) | |
| Norwegian | Norway | Norway | |
| Swedish | Sweden, Finland | Sweden, Finland | |
| Danish | Denmark, Sweden | Denmark | (endangered in Sweden) |
| English | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland | |
| Frisian | Netherlands, Germany | endangered | |
| Dutch (Netherlandic) | Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany | Netherlands, Belgium | |
| Low German (Low Saxon, Saxon) | Germany, Netherlands | endangered | |
| German (High German) | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) | (endangered in France) |
| Yiddish | scattered across Central Europe | endangered |
Romance languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galician-Portuguese | Portugal, Spain | Portugal, Spain (R) | (endangered in Spain) |
| Asturian-Leonese | Spain, Portugal | Portugal (R) | endangered |
| Spanish (Castilian) | Spain | Spain | |
| Aragonese | Spain | endangered | |
| Catalan | Spain, France, Andorra, Italy | Andorra, Spain (R) | endangered |
| Occitan (Lenga d'Òc, Provençal) | France, Italy, Spain, Monaco | Spain (R) | endangered |
| Francoprovençal (Arpitan) | France, Switzerland, Italy | endangered | |
| French (Langue d'Oïl) | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco | (endangered in the Channel Islands) |
| Romansh | Switzerland | Switzerland | endangered |
| Ladin | Italy | endangered | |
| Friulian | Italy | endangered | |
| Northern Italian (Padanian) | Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia | endangered | |
| Italian | Italy | Italy, Switzerland, San Marino | |
| Corsican | France, Italy | endangered | |
| Sardinian | Italy | endangered | |
| Romanian | Romania, Moldova, Balkans | Romania, Moldova |
Baltic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latvian | Latvia | Latvia | |
| Lithuanian | Lithuania | Lithuania |
Slavic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sorbian (Lusatian) | Germany | Germany (R) | endangered |
| Kashubian | Poland | endangered | |
| Polish | Poland | Poland | |
| Czech | Czechia | Czechia | |
| Slovakian | Slovakia | Slovakia | |
| Belarussian | Belarus, Russia | Belarus | endangered |
| Ukrainian | Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia | Ukraine | |
| Russian | Russia | Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R) | |
| Slovenian | Slovenia, Italy, Austria | Slovenia | (endangered in Italy and Austria) |
| Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo | |
| Macedonian (Slavomacedonian) | Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Republic of Macedonia | (endangered in Greece) |
| Bulgarian | Bulgaria, Greece | Bulgaria | (endangered in Greece) |
Albanian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Albania, Kosovo | (endangered in Greece) |
Greek
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek (Hellenic) | Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey | Greece, Albania | (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus) |
Indo-Iranian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status)) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ossetic | Russia, South Ossetia | South Ossetia | endangered |
| Zaza | Turkey | endangered | |
| Kurdish | Turkey | endangered |
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romany (Romani, Gypsy, Gipsy) | scattered across Europe | endangered |
Armenian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh | (endangered in Turkey) |
Afro-Asiatic languages
Semitic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maltese | Malta | Malta | |
| Arabic | Turkey | endangered | |
| Aramaic | Turkey | endangered |
Uralic languages
Finno-Ugric languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sami (Lappish) | Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia | endangered | |
| Finnish (including Karelian) | Finland, Russia, Sweden | Finland | (endangered in Russia and Sweden) |
| Estonian | Estonia | Estonia | |
| Livonian | Latvia | endangered | |
| Veps | Russia | endangered | |
| Komi | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Udmurt | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Mari | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Erza | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Moksha | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia | Hungary | (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia) |
Samoyedic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets | Russia | endangered |
Altaic languages
Turkic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria | Turkey, Cyprus | (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria) |
| Gagauz | Moldova, Ukraine | Moldova (R) | endangered |
| Chuvash | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Crimean Tatar | Ukraine | endangered | |
| Volga Tatar (Kazan Tatar) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Bashkort (Bashkir) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Kumyk | Russia | endangered | |
| Karachay-Balkar | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Nogay | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Azeri (Azerbaijani) | Azerbaijan, Iran | Azerbaijan |
Mongolian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian (including Kalmyk) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
North Caucasian languages
The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.
Northwest Caucasian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz-Abaza | Abkhazia, Russia | Abkhazia | endangered |
| Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Northeast Caucasian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chechen | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Ingush | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| many languages of Daghestan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. | Russia, Azerbaijan | (R) (for some of them) | endangered |
Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Georgian | Georgia | Georgia (R) | |
| Svan | Georgia | endangered | |
| Mingrelian | Georgia | endangered | |
| Laz | Turkey, Georgia | endangered |
Footnotes
- ↑ Data retrieved in 2010 in The World Factbook (CIA)
- ↑ At purchasing power parity rates[1]
- ↑ Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), World Bank, 2010
- ↑ A = advanced, E = developing and emerging
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Non-member with currency pegged to the euro
- ↑ See, for example, a serious, scientific survey of the languages of Europe in: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.