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{{subpages}}
{{Image|Joelfuhrman.jpg|right|260px|Dr. Joel Fuhrman, May 2011.}}
{{Infobox Person
{{Infobox Person
| name          = Joel Fuhrman
| name          = Joel Fuhrman
Line 6: Line 7:
| caption      = Joel Fuhrman, May 2011
| caption      = Joel Fuhrman, May 2011
| birth_date    = 12-2-1953
| birth_date    = 12-2-1953
| birth_place  = [[New York City]], [[United States]]
| birth_place  = [[New York, New York|New York City]]
| nationality  = American
| nationality  = American
| other_names  = Joel H. Fuhrman
| other_names  = Joel H. Fuhrman
Line 12: Line 13:
| alma_mater    = University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| alma_mater    = University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| occupation    = Family physician, author
| occupation    = Family physician, author
| known_for    = Nutritarian diet, ANDI, micronutrient-rich diet
| known_for    = Recommends eating nutrient-dense, non-processed foods such as fresh vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and fruit, and some whole grains.
| notable_works = ''Eat to Live''; ''The End of Diabetes''; ''Eat for Health: Lose Weight''; ''Keep It Off and Look Younger''; ''Live Longer''.
| notable_works = ''Eat to Live''; ''The End of Diabetes''; ''Eat for Health: Lose Weight''; ''Keep It Off and Look Younger''; ''Live Longer''.
| spouse        = Lisa
| spouse        = Lisa
| children      =
| children      =
| relatives    =
| relatives    =
| website      = [http://www.drfuhrman.com/ drfuhrman.com]
| website      = https://www.drfuhrman.com/
}}
}}


'''Joel Fuhrman''' (born December 2, 1953) is an American celebrity and medical doctor who advocates a plant-based diet, termed the ''nutritarian'' diet, that emphasizes [[Nutrient density|nutrient dense]] foods.<ref name="Health" />  His practice is based on his nutrition-based approach to [[obesity]] and [[chronic disease]], as well as promoting his products and books.<ref name="MHJ" /> He has written books promoting his dietary approaches including the bestsellers ''Eat to Live'',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Paperback Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Feb. 10, 2013 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2013/02/10/paperback-advice/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''Super Immunity,''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hardcover Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Oct. 7, 2012 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2012/10/07/hardcover-advice/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''The Eat to Live Cookbook,''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Food and Diet Books - Best Sellers - Nov. 3, 2013 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2013/11/03/food-and-fitness/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''The End of Dieting'' (2016)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 13, 2014 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2014/04/13/advice-how-to-and-miscellaneous/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and ''The End of Heart Disease'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 24, 2016 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2016/04/24/advice-how-to-and-miscellaneous/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>Fuhrman, Joel (2016).  ''The End of Heart Disease''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ig4oCgAAQBAJ Description] & [https://books.google.com/books?id=ig4oCgAAQBAJ arrow-searchable preview.] HarperOne. Retrieved 26 July 2021.</ref> He sells a related line of nutrition related products.
'''Joel Fuhrman''', M.D., (born 1953) is an American medical doctor who advocates a micronutrient-rich, low oil and salt, plant-based diet.  He terms this way of eating as the ''nutritarian'' diet.  It includes nutrient-dense, non-processed foods such as fresh vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and fruit, and some whole grains.<ref name="Health" />  Now semi-retired, his practice as a board-certified family physician was based on his nutrition-based approach to [[obesity]] and [[chronic disease]], and he has documented his recommendations for health and longevity in a number of best-selling books.  He also sells nutritional supplements that were developed specifically for his medical practice and tailored for people eating a plant-based, whole-food diet long term.<ref name="MHJ" /> Dr. Fuhrman now writes, teaches and published podcasts about nutrition.  He also runs a nutritional support website and a California retreat for people wanting help beginning a nutritarian diet.
 
His books have often been bestsellers and include:
* ''Eat for Life'' (2020)
* ''Eat to Live'' (2011)<ref name=EattoLive1 />  
* ''Super Immunity (2012)''<ref name=SuperImmunity />  
* ''The Eat to Live Cookbook (2013)''<ref name=ELcookbook1 />
* ''Diabetes'' (2013)
* ''The End of Dieting'' (2014)<ref name=EndDieting1 />
* ''The End of Heart Disease'' (2016)<ref name=EndHeart1 /><ref name=EndHeart2 />
{{TOC|left}}


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Fuhrman was born in [[New York, New York|New York City]], on December 2, 1953.  He is [[Jewish]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gluck |first1=Robert |title=Jewish author of 'Eat to Live' dishes on health care, nutrition, disease prevention |website=[[Jewish News Syndicate]] |date=2014 |url=http://archive.jns.org/latest-articles/2014/4/11/jewish-author-of-eat-to-live-dishes-on-health-care-nutrition-disease-prevention |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223160445/http://archive.jns.org/latest-articles/2014/4/11/jewish-author-of-eat-to-live-dishes-on-health-care-nutrition-disease-prevention |archive-date=2022-02-23 |url-status=dead}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He was a competitor in the amateur [[figure skater|figure skating]] circuit.<ref name="MHJ" />  He was a member of the US World [[Figure Skating]] Team and placed second in the US National Pairs Championship in 1973. In 1973, he suffered a heel injury which prevented him from competing.<ref name="MHJ"/> Fuhrman claims that an [[alternative medicine]] therapy recommended by a [[Naturopathy|naturopath]] helped speed his recovery, and led him to become interested in alternative medicine.<ref name="MHJ"/> He came in 3rd place at the 1976 World Professional Pairs Skating Championship in [[Jaca]], [[Spain]], skating with his sister, Gale Fuhrman,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenskate.com/figure-skating-results/figure-skating-results-professional-and-pro-am-competitions/world-professional-figure-skating-championships-jaca-spain/ |title=World Professional Figure Skating Championships (Jaca, Spain)|access-date=19 Dec 2012}}</ref> but due to short-term massive muscle loss from fasting was unable to make the Olympic team.<ref name="MHJ"/> In 1988, he graduated from the [[Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine]].<ref name="MHJ"/> Fuhrman is a board-certified family physician and serves as Director of Research for the Nutritional Research Foundation.<ref name=iview>{{cite journal |title=Probiotics and the immune system: An interview with Joel Fuhrman, M.D. |year=2011 |issue=Winter |journal=Nutrition Health Review |volume=108 |page=2 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Probiotics+and+the+immune+system%3A+an+interview+with+Joel+Fuhrman,+M.D.-a0325090899}}</ref>
Fuhrman was born in [[New York, New York|New York City]], on December 2, 1953.  He was a competitor in the amateur [[figure skating]] circuit.<ref name="MHJ" />  He was a member of the US World Figure Skating Team and placed second in the US National Pairs Championship in 1973. In 1973, he suffered a heel injury which prevented him from competing. Fuhrman claims that an [[alternative medicine]] therapy recommended by a [[Naturopathy|naturopath]] helped speed his recovery, and led him to become interested in alternative medicine. He came in 3rd place at the 1976 World Professional Pairs Skating Championship in Jaca, [[Spain]], skating with his sister, Gale Fuhrman,<ref name=Skating1976 /> but due to short-term massive muscle loss from fasting was unable to make the Olympic team.  In 1988, he graduated from the Perelman School of Medicine at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Fuhrman is a board-certified family physician and serves as Director of Research for the Nutritional Research Foundation.<ref name=iview />


==Diet and health==
==Diet and health==
Line 31: Line 42:
Fuhrman has advocated eating at least one pound of raw [[vegetable]]s and another pound of cooked vegetables each day with an emphasis on green vegetables along with beans, onions, mushrooms, berries, nuts and seeds. He also recommends eating at least one cup of beans a day to benefit from the [[resistant starch]] and increased satiety.<ref name=":0" /> The Nutritarian diet encourages whole plant foods and restricts [[dairy product]]s, meat, snacks between meals, [[fruit juice]], vegetable oils and [[processed foods]].<ref name="MHJ"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Schweitzer|first=Lisa|title=Eat to Live Diet: Review|url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/eat-to-live-diet-review|access-date=2020-07-24|website=WebMD|language=en}}</ref>
Fuhrman has advocated eating at least one pound of raw [[vegetable]]s and another pound of cooked vegetables each day with an emphasis on green vegetables along with beans, onions, mushrooms, berries, nuts and seeds. He also recommends eating at least one cup of beans a day to benefit from the [[resistant starch]] and increased satiety.<ref name=":0" /> The Nutritarian diet encourages whole plant foods and restricts [[dairy product]]s, meat, snacks between meals, [[fruit juice]], vegetable oils and [[processed foods]].<ref name="MHJ"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Schweitzer|first=Lisa|title=Eat to Live Diet: Review|url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/eat-to-live-diet-review|access-date=2020-07-24|website=WebMD|language=en}}</ref>


Furhman's Nutritarian diet excludes dairy and meat for six weeks, but after this period a small amount of chicken and fish can be eaten.<ref>[https://archive.is/im95M "What Foods Are Not Allowed on Dr. Fuhrman's Eat to Live Diet?"]. healthyeating.sfgate.com. Retrieved March 5 2023.</ref> Fuhrman also allows a limited amount of low-fat dairy products, [[olive oil]] and refined carbohydrates on the diet after six weeks.<ref name=":0"/> If animal products are not added back into the diet, Furhman recommends [[vitamin B12]], [[vitamin D]] and [[Omega-3 fatty acid|omega 3]] supplements.<ref name=":0"/> On the Nutritarian diet, dairy products, eggs and fish are to make up less than 10% of calories whilst legumes make between 10% to 40% and raw and cooked vegetables make between 30% and 60% of calories.<ref name="Health"/>
Furhman's Nutritarian diet excludes dairy and meat for six weeks, but after this period a small amount of chicken and fish can be eaten.<ref>[https://archive.is/im95M "What Foods Are Not Allowed on Dr. Fuhrman's Eat to Live Diet?"]. healthyeating.sfgate.com. Retrieved March 5 2023.</ref> Fuhrman also allows a limited amount of low-fat dairy products, [[olive oil]] and refined carbohydrates on the diet after six weeks.<ref name=":0"/> If animal products are not added back into the diet, Furhman recommends [[vitamin B12]], [[vitamin D]], [[Omega-3 fatty acid|omega 3]] and other supplements.<ref name=":0"/> On the Nutritarian diet, dairy products, eggs and fish are to make up less than 10% of calories whilst legumes make between 10% to 40% and raw and cooked vegetables make between 30% and 60% of calories.<ref name="Health"/>


===Nutrient density===
===Nutrient density===
Line 37: Line 48:
Fuhrman popularized the notion of [[nutrient density]] in what he calls the Health Equation: Health = Nutrients/Calories (abbreviated as H = N/C).<ref name="MHJ" /> Peter Lipson, a physician and writer on alternative medicine, has been heavily critical of Fuhrman's health equation, writing that since its terms cannot be quantified, it is "nothing more than a parlor trick".<ref name="lipson">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/your-disease-your-fault/ |title=Your disease, your fault |work=[[Science-Based Medicine]] |date=9 September 2010 |first=Peter |last=Lipson |access-date=19 August 2014}}</ref> Fuhrman created what he calls the "Aggregate Nutrient Density Index" or ANDI, a ranking of foods based on his claims of micronutrient concentration and kale is at the top of this list.<ref name="MHJ" /> [[Whole Foods Market|Whole Foods]] began using the scores as a marketing project and reported that the sales of high scoring foods "skyrocketed".<ref name="MHJ"/>
Fuhrman popularized the notion of [[nutrient density]] in what he calls the Health Equation: Health = Nutrients/Calories (abbreviated as H = N/C).<ref name="MHJ" /> Peter Lipson, a physician and writer on alternative medicine, has been heavily critical of Fuhrman's health equation, writing that since its terms cannot be quantified, it is "nothing more than a parlor trick".<ref name="lipson">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/your-disease-your-fault/ |title=Your disease, your fault |work=[[Science-Based Medicine]] |date=9 September 2010 |first=Peter |last=Lipson |access-date=19 August 2014}}</ref> Fuhrman created what he calls the "Aggregate Nutrient Density Index" or ANDI, a ranking of foods based on his claims of micronutrient concentration and kale is at the top of this list.<ref name="MHJ" /> [[Whole Foods Market|Whole Foods]] began using the scores as a marketing project and reported that the sales of high scoring foods "skyrocketed".<ref name="MHJ"/>


===Reception===
== Provenance ==
 
{{WPAttribution}}
Fuhrman has heavily marketed his products and his infomercials have "become a staple during the self-improvement bloc of PBS pledge drives."<ref name="MHJ"/> In the October 2012 edition of ''[[Men's Journal]]'', Mark Adams stated that Fuhrman "preaches something closer to [[fruitarianism]] or [[Christian Science]] than to conventional medical wisdom".<ref name="MHJ"/>  Adams also reported that Fuhrman believes that the [[Influenza vaccine|flu vaccine]] "isn't effective at all".<ref name="MHJ"/> [[David Gorski]] has commented that Fuhrman has promoted a [[Vitalism|vitalistic]] view of food and the pseudoscientific idea of [[Detoxification (alternative medicine)|detoxification]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/americas-quack-strikes-back/|title="America's Quack" strikes back|work=[[Science-Based Medicine]]|date=2015|first=David|last=Gorski|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
 
Dietician Carolyn Williams has described Fuhrman's Nutritarian diet as a [[fad diet]]. According to Williams "This can be helpful for people who feel stuck in their weight loss journey and want to totally reset or detox their diet following a holiday or vacation. Although this diet is marketed as an eating pattern, it is essentially a fad diet. Those who do try this diet should go into it knowing that it is not sustainable for everyone long-term, and is only a temporary quick fix to lose weight."<ref name="Williams 2018">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Carolyn|date=2018|title=Does the Nutritarian Diet Really Live Up to Its Hype?|url=https://www.cookinglight.com/eating-smart/nutrition-101/what-is-the-nutritarian-diet|access-date=20 April 2020|work=Cooking Light}}</ref>
 
[[Harriet Hall]] of [[Science-Based Medicine]] who reviewed Fuhrman's Nutritarian diet commented that he tends to incorrectly assume association studies show causation and that his diet has not been tested in controlled trials. Hall stated that "Fuhrman makes extraordinary claims for the Nutritarian diet, but extraordinary claims must be supported by extraordinary evidence, and the evidence he presents is far from compelling."<ref>Hall, Harriet. (2022). [https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/eat-for-life-joel-fuhrmans-nutritarian-diet/ "Eat for Life: Joel Fuhrman’s Nutritarian Diet"]. ''[[Science-Based Medicine]]''. Retrieved February 24 2022.</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Neal D. Barnard]]
* [[T. Colin Campbell]]
* [[Michael Greger]]
* [[Michael Klaper]]
* [[John A. McDougall]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 63: Line 62:
</ref>
</ref>


</references>
<ref name=EattoLive1>
{{Cite news|title=Paperback Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Feb. 10, 2013 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2013/02/10/paperback-advice/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=SuperImmunity>
{{Cite news|title=Hardcover Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Oct. 7, 2012 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2012/10/07/hardcover-advice/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=ELcookbook1>
{{Cite news|title=Food and Diet Books - Best Sellers - Nov. 3, 2013 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2013/11/03/food-and-fitness/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=EndDieting1>
{{Cite news|title=Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 13, 2014 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2014/04/13/advice-how-to-and-miscellaneous/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=EndHeart1>
{{Cite news|title=Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 24, 2016 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2016/04/24/advice-how-to-and-miscellaneous/|access-date=2020-07-25|issn=0362-4331}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=EndHeart2>
Fuhrman, Joel (2016).  ''The End of Heart Disease''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ig4oCgAAQBAJ Description] & [https://books.google.com/books?id=ig4oCgAAQBAJ arrow-searchable preview.] HarperOne. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
</ref>
 
<ref name=Skating1976>
{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenskate.com/figure-skating-results/figure-skating-results-professional-and-pro-am-competitions/world-professional-figure-skating-championships-jaca-spain/ |title=World Professional Figure Skating Championships (Jaca, Spain)|access-date=19 Dec 2012}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=iview>
{{cite journal |title=Probiotics and the immune system: An interview with Joel Fuhrman, M.D. |year=2011 |issue=Winter |journal=Nutrition Health Review |volume=108 |page=2 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Probiotics+and+the+immune+system%3A+an+interview+with+Joel+Fuhrman,+M.D.-a0325090899}}
</ref>


==External links==
</references>[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.drfuhrman.com Official website]
* {{IMDb name|3293011}}
* [[veganism]]
{{Authority control}}

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Dr. Joel Fuhrman, May 2011.
Joel Fuhrman
Other names Joel H. Fuhrman
Website https://www.drfuhrman.com/
Born 12-2-1953
New York City
Occupation Family physician, author
Known for Recommends eating nutrient-dense, non-processed foods such as fresh vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and fruit, and some whole grains.

Joel Fuhrman, M.D., (born 1953) is an American medical doctor who advocates a micronutrient-rich, low oil and salt, plant-based diet. He terms this way of eating as the nutritarian diet. It includes nutrient-dense, non-processed foods such as fresh vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and fruit, and some whole grains.[1] Now semi-retired, his practice as a board-certified family physician was based on his nutrition-based approach to obesity and chronic disease, and he has documented his recommendations for health and longevity in a number of best-selling books. He also sells nutritional supplements that were developed specifically for his medical practice and tailored for people eating a plant-based, whole-food diet long term.[2] Dr. Fuhrman now writes, teaches and published podcasts about nutrition. He also runs a nutritional support website and a California retreat for people wanting help beginning a nutritarian diet.

His books have often been bestsellers and include:

  • Eat for Life (2020)
  • Eat to Live (2011)[3]
  • Super Immunity (2012)[4]
  • The Eat to Live Cookbook (2013)[5]
  • Diabetes (2013)
  • The End of Dieting (2014)[6]
  • The End of Heart Disease (2016)[7][8]

Life and career

Fuhrman was born in New York City, on December 2, 1953. He was a competitor in the amateur figure skating circuit.[2] He was a member of the US World Figure Skating Team and placed second in the US National Pairs Championship in 1973. In 1973, he suffered a heel injury which prevented him from competing. Fuhrman claims that an alternative medicine therapy recommended by a naturopath helped speed his recovery, and led him to become interested in alternative medicine. He came in 3rd place at the 1976 World Professional Pairs Skating Championship in Jaca, Spain, skating with his sister, Gale Fuhrman,[9] but due to short-term massive muscle loss from fasting was unable to make the Olympic team. In 1988, he graduated from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Fuhrman is a board-certified family physician and serves as Director of Research for the Nutritional Research Foundation.[10]

Diet and health

Nutritarian diet

Fuhrman has advocated eating at least one pound of raw vegetables and another pound of cooked vegetables each day with an emphasis on green vegetables along with beans, onions, mushrooms, berries, nuts and seeds. He also recommends eating at least one cup of beans a day to benefit from the resistant starch and increased satiety.[11] The Nutritarian diet encourages whole plant foods and restricts dairy products, meat, snacks between meals, fruit juice, vegetable oils and processed foods.[2][11]

Furhman's Nutritarian diet excludes dairy and meat for six weeks, but after this period a small amount of chicken and fish can be eaten.[12] Fuhrman also allows a limited amount of low-fat dairy products, olive oil and refined carbohydrates on the diet after six weeks.[11] If animal products are not added back into the diet, Furhman recommends vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega 3 and other supplements.[11] On the Nutritarian diet, dairy products, eggs and fish are to make up less than 10% of calories whilst legumes make between 10% to 40% and raw and cooked vegetables make between 30% and 60% of calories.[1]

Nutrient density

Fuhrman popularized the notion of nutrient density in what he calls the Health Equation: Health = Nutrients/Calories (abbreviated as H = N/C).[2] Peter Lipson, a physician and writer on alternative medicine, has been heavily critical of Fuhrman's health equation, writing that since its terms cannot be quantified, it is "nothing more than a parlor trick".[13] Fuhrman created what he calls the "Aggregate Nutrient Density Index" or ANDI, a ranking of foods based on his claims of micronutrient concentration and kale is at the top of this list.[2] Whole Foods began using the scores as a marketing project and reported that the sales of high scoring foods "skyrocketed".[2]

Provenance

Some content on this page may previously have appeared on Wikipedia.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Nutritarian Diet". health.usnews.com. Retrieved March 5 2023.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Adams, Mark. Joel Fuhrman: The doctor is out there, Men's Journal, Oct 2012.
  3. ↑ Paperback Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Feb. 10, 2013 - The New York Times, The New York Times. (in en-US)
  4. ↑ Hardcover Advice & Misc. Books - Best Sellers - Oct. 7, 2012 - The New York Times, The New York Times. (in en-US)
  5. ↑ Food and Diet Books - Best Sellers - Nov. 3, 2013 - The New York Times, The New York Times. (in en-US)
  6. ↑ Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 13, 2014 - The New York Times, The New York Times. (in en-US)
  7. ↑ Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous Books - Best Sellers - April 24, 2016 - The New York Times, The New York Times. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ Fuhrman, Joel (2016). The End of Heart Disease. Description & arrow-searchable preview. HarperOne. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  9. ↑ World Professional Figure Skating Championships (Jaca, Spain).
  10. ↑ (2011) "Probiotics and the immune system: An interview with Joel Fuhrman, M.D.". Nutrition Health Review 108 (Winter).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Schweitzer, Lisa. Eat to Live Diet: Review (en).
  12. ↑ "What Foods Are Not Allowed on Dr. Fuhrman's Eat to Live Diet?". healthyeating.sfgate.com. Retrieved March 5 2023.
  13. ↑ Lipson, Peter (9 September 2010). Your disease, your fault. Science-Based Medicine.
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