Hypothalamus > Related Articles
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Hormones controlled by the hypothalamus
- oxytocin [r]: A mammalian hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream from the posterior pituitary gland, and which is also released into the brain where it has effects on social behaviors. [e]
- vasopressin [r]: A hormone also called (arginine vasopressin, (AVP); formerly known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH), produced in the hypothalamus secreted from the posterior pituitary that causes kidneys to concentrate urine to conserve water, also causes vasoconstriction. [e]
- somatostatin [r]: Neuropeptide whose best known function is as a hypothalamic factor that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone. [e]
- prolactin [r]: Hormone secreted from lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland with an essential role in lactation. [e]
- growth hormone [r]: A peptide hormone that is made in and secreted from the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and which is essential for regulating post-natal growth in all mammals. [e]
- thyroid stimulating hormone [r]: Add brief definition or description
- luteinising hormone [r]: Pituitary hormone with an essential role in reproduction in both males and females. [e]
- follicle stimulating hormone [r]: Add brief definition or description
- adrenocorticotrophic hormone [r]: Hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary that regulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal gland. [e]
Subnuclei
- suprachiasmatic nucleus [r]: An agregation of neurons in the hypothalamus, located above the optic chiasm, that regulates circadian rhythms. [e]
- supraoptic nucleus [r]: An aggregation in the hypothalamus of magnocellular neurosecretory neurones that project to the posterior pituitary gland, and which secrete the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin [e]
- paraventricular nucleus [r]: Aggregation of neurons in the hypothalamus with important roles in neurendocrine regulation. [e]
- arcuate nucleus [r]: An aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus with important roles in appetite regulation and in the control of growth hormone secretion and prolactin secretion. [e]
- periventricular nucleus [r]: Aggregation of neurones alligned parallel to the lateral walls of the third ventricle, including the neuroendocrine somatostatin neurones. [e]
- lateral hypothalamus [r]: Large amorphous area that includes orexin neurones and has a role in appetite regulation. [e]
- preoptic area [r]: Region of the rostral hypothalamus with roles in many aspects of reproduction and in thermoregulation. [e]
- ventromedial nucleus [r]: Large aggregation of mainly glutamatergic neurones dorsal to the arcuate nucleus; known as important for appetite regulation and regulation of sexual behaviour. [e]
- dorsomedial nucleus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- mamillary nucleus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- subfornical organ [r]: One of the circumventricular organs of the brain, lacking a blood-brain barrier, known as a site where blood-borne factors are "sensed". [e]
- nucleus medianus [r]: Hypothalamic region with important role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [e]
- median eminence [r]: Specialised region at the base of the brain containing the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vessels and neuroendocrine nerve endings that release their products into them. [e]
- posterior pituitary [r]: Gland that contains nerve endings of hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons that secrete the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin [e]
- anterior pituitary [r]: Endocrine gland that secretes hormones to regulate stress, growth, metabolism and reproduction. [e]
- magnocellular neurosecretory cell [r]: Large neuroendocrine neuron in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that projects to the posterior pituitary gland. [e]
Functions
- lactation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- parturition [r]: Add brief definition or description
- stress [r]: Add brief definition or description
- growth [r]: Add brief definition or description
- metabolism [r]: The modification of chemical substances by living organisms. [e]
- appetite [r]: Add brief definition or description
- thermoregulation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- osmoregulation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- homeostasis [r]: Add brief definition or description
