Talk:Acceleration due to gravity

Acceleration due to gravity

The gravitational field given is that of a point mass (or a spherical mass outside the radius of the object). The field of an oblate spheroid is not the same as that of a sphere and can cannot depend solely on the distance from the centre of the spheroid since the distribution of mass inside the spheroid (which generates the field) is important so there must be some dependence on the major and minor axes e.g. if I sit on the major axis (theta=0) and increase the minor axis there will be zero change in the gravitational field according to the article yet clearly the mass is now distributed at a greater distance from my location so the field should reduce.

I don't have time to calculate the correct field (and can't find it easily on the net) so I have edited the start of the article to correct a few things there and removed the incorrect part at the end. Some of this may want to be restored when the correct field can be added (or possibly assumptions about near sphericity explicitly stated?) but I thought it best not to leave text that is wrong remain. Roger Moore 17:16, 24 February 2008 (CST)

I've fixed a few more errors in the article which have cropped up:

• 'g' is not a constant, it is the value of the local gravitational field anywhere (not just on the Earth or other planets).
• 'g' is a vector so technically it describes both the magnitude and direction of the field but I thought it easiest just to omit 'magnitude' rather than give the details.
• the potential actually goes as $1/r$: it is the integral of the force which goes as $1/r^{2}$.

Roger Moore 02:48, 19 March 2008 (CDT)

Can we simplify it a bit?

This part of the article seems to repeat essentially the same equation twice:

" ... is given by:

${\vec {g}}=-G{\frac {M}{r^{2}}}{\frac {\vec {r}}{r}}$

The magnitude of the acceleration is $g=GM/r^{2}$, with SI units of meters per second squared.

Here G is the universal gravitational constant, G = 6.67428×10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg², ${\vec {r}}$ is the position of the test object in the field relative to the centre of mass M, and r is the magnitude (length) of ${\vec {r}}$."

I realize that the equation ${\vec {g}}=-G{\frac {M}{r^{2}}}{\frac {\vec {r}}{r}}$ includes all of the conventions used by physicists and mathematicians, but it simply confuses those of us who are not physicists and mathematicians. Can we not simplify it thus:

" ... is given by:

$g=GM/r^{2}$, with SI units of meters per second squared.

G is the universal gravitational constant = 6.67428×10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg², and r is the distance between the test object and the centre of mass M."

Those of us who are not physicists or mathematicians would find it much easier to understand if it were simplified as proposed. - Milton Beychok 03:18, 26 February 2008 (CST)

Value of g

As far as I remember g varies by a percent or so over the earth. How can we then give so many decimals? Is there some sort of standard value?--Paul Wormer 03:30, 26 February 2008 (CST)

That is the value agreed upon by the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM in 1901 as referenced in the article. I assume that it is a sea level value so it is not affected by the altitude of any locations. - Milton Beychok 04:08, 26 February 2008 (CST)

I looked around on the internet and I get the impression that g_n = 9.80656 m/s2 is defined by the CGPM as the standard acceleration (a fictituous value) and that g is the local acceleration (which is the real physical value that varies by almost a percent over the globe). I read the first few sentences of the article slightly different.--Paul Wormer 09:19, 26 February 2008 (CST)

Paul, I have no objection to your re-write of the first few sentences. I just want to say that here we have a good example of the classical difference between a physcist and an engineer. Most engineers simply use g = 9.807 or even 9.8 when doing their fluid dynamics calculations and, in 99% of an engineer's work, a possible 1% error is totally insignificant. In fact, we would be very happy if the rest of our work was as good as that.

Changing the subject, I am moving the "see also" link to the "Related articles" subpage. It is my understanding that is where such links belong. - Milton Beychok 12:39, 26 February 2008 (CST)

I agree completely with your remark about accuracy, but it was not I who put all decimals of g into the article :-) --Paul Wormer 02:09, 27 February 2008 (CST)

Notation

I'm not happy with the use of g for the exact (1/r², non-linearized) attraction. As far as I'm aware g is used only for the linear (in height h) form of gravitation. For the time being I changed it to f, but please feel free to change it to something else.--Paul Wormer 02:17, 27 February 2008 (CST)

Why this article was written

Paul, I like you and admire your erudition ... and I can only hope that this lengthy posting does not offend you.

• About 2 weeks ago, I wrote an article on flue gas stacks which included a section on flue gas draft (or draught) that included some equations for approximate estimation of what I call the "stack effect" or "chimney effect". The local gravitational acceleration (g = 9.807 m/s) was included in those equations and there was no article in CZ to link it to. I read Gravitation and found no mention of g at that time (although it has since been added into that article by 'Dragon' Dave McKee) ... instead Gravitation gets involved in time-space and general relativity. So I thought that once CZ attracts more engineers and more equations involving g begin to be written, we will need an article that simply defines g.

• On February 22, I posted a message in the Physics Workgroup's mailing list and asked if anyone would please write an article defining the local gravitational acceleration g in "... very simple plain English ...". You can find that message in the mailing list archive for February.

• On February 23, 'Dragon' Dave McKee created this article. Shortly thereafter, I added in the bit about g_n as defined by the CGPM in 1901 ... over a century ago ... which now appears in many, many textbooks and even more technical journal articles.

• On February 26, on this Talk page,I asked that this article be simplified, and you graciously did so.

However, even now, the article seems to be focused more on $f$ than on g_n. Can we not have an article that simply defines g_n? After all, anyone wanting to read about $f$ can read Gravitation where it is referred to as $F$.

In essence, I think that everything after " ... different locations around the world." could be deleted since it is already in the Gravitation article. - Milton Beychok 12:44, 27 February 2008 (CST)

Milton, I commented out the two last paragraphs. I did not delete them in case somebody wants to restore them.

You give me too much credit:

• The article gravitation originates for the largest part from WP, I only added the section depending on height h (which BTW contains the term gravitational acceleration in bold together with its definition and value in three digits). Last weekend 'Dragon' Dave McKee added a value of g which was off by a factor of 10. General relativity and such comes from WP.
• The last two paragraphs (which I commented out) in the present article were written by Roger Moore in reaction to the flawed discussion by 'Dragon' Dave McKee. The Dragon drew an ellipse with the force center in the middle of the ellipse instead of in one of the foci. His discussion did not emphasize g, either. All I did was modifying the discussion of Roger three times (the first modification was on your request, the second was that I didn't like the same symbol for the exact and the linearized force, and now the third is again on your request).
• I was not aware of the history of the article, for me the contribution of the Dragon came out of the blue. I cannot find your msg in the physics mailing list, I don't know why.

--Paul Wormer 02:17, 28 February 2008 (CST)

Paul, thanks for your response and I appreciate your having commented out the last two paragraphs. Here is the url for my message in the physics mailing list: http://mail.citizendium.org/pipermail/cz-physics/2008-February/000002.html - Milton Beychok 10:41, 28 February 2008 (CST)

Milton, thank you for the link, this was clarifying. I see now that the "Dragon" only translated into Wiki some (Word/pdf) text offered by a Rumanian professor.

I still don't understand why I cannot find the physics mailing list on my own, Rumanian professors and Californian engineers are much smarter than I. I posted a help request on the forum.--Paul Wormer 11:05, 28 February 2008 (CST)

Paul,simply go to CZ:Physics Workgroup and you will see on the right-hand side "Mailing list" and underneath it "cz-physics". Just click on "cz-physics". When you get there, click on "Cz-physics Archives". - Milton Beychok 13:50, 28 February 2008 (CST)

disambiguation pages are needed

It seems to me that you guys need a gravity (disambiguation) page, which could include something like the following:

• gravity (space-time)
• gravity (Classical)
• gravity (Earth)
• G (universal gravity constant)
• g (acceleration due to gravity) - not the letter "g"
• g_n (Earth's gravity constant)
  

David E. Volk 11:03, 28 February 2008 (CST) and so on.