Books of the Bible
Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox Christians, although there is overlap. Most modern editions in English follow either the Roman Catholic or the standard Protestant canon.
Old Testament (including Tanakh)
The Tanakh, or Jewish scriptures, have the following standard arrangement.
| Jewish Scriptures or Tanakh | ||
| Torah or Law |
Nevi'im or Prophets |
Ketuvim or Writings |
| 1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. Leviticus 4. Numbers 5. Deuteronomy |
Former Prophets
Latter Prophets
|
14. Psalms 15. Proverbs 16. Job The Five Rolls
22. Daniel |
The Protestant Old Testament is identical to the Tanakh in contents, but different in arrangement. The usual Christian arrangement of both Old and New Testaments is into historical, teaching and prophetic (past, present and future). This is not usually made explicit in the tables of contents of English Bibles, though it is commoner in German and Latin ones. The Roman Catholic Old Testament includes additional books (marked here with *) and passages in other books (marked with †).
- historical books
- Pentateuch
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
- Joshua
- Judges
- Ruth
- Samuel (2 books)
- Kings (2 books)
- Chronicles (2 books)
- Ezra
- Nehemiah
- Tobit*
- Judith*
- Esther†
- 1 Maccabees*
- 2 Maccabees*
- Pentateuch
- teaching books
- Job
- Psalms
- Proverbs
- Ecclesiastes
- Song of Songs or Song of Solomon
- Wisdom*
- Ecclesiasticus or Sirach*
- prophetic books
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Lamentations
- Baruch*
- Ezekiel
- Daniel†
- Hosea
- Joel
- Amos
- Obadiah
- Jonah
- Micah
- Nahum
- Habakkuk
- Zephaniah
- Haggai
- Zechariah
- Malachi
The Eastern Orthodox Church has never considered it important to define a definite canon of scripture. On the whole, it theoretically recognizes only the Protestant canon of the Old Testament as fully canonical inspired scripture, but other works are regarded as part of the scriptures and in practice treated little differently. In addition to all the contents of the Roman Catholic canon, the following are regularly included in modern Eastern Orthodox printed Bibles:
- 1 Esdras
- 3 Maccabees
- Psalm 151
- Prayer of Manasseh
Many editions also include one or other of the following:
- 2 Esdras
- 4 Maccabees
Early Protestant Bibles and some more recent ones included the "extra" books of the Roman Catholic canon and some others in a separate section, usually between the Old and New Testaments and under the title Apocrypha, sometimes with notes explaining their inferior status. A similar practice is followed in recent ecumenical Bibles. Those usually included in addition are
- 1 Esdras
- 2 Esdras (the Western version here includes pasages not found in Orthodox Bibles)
- Prayer of Manasseh
The standard printed editions of the Bible of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (which is Oriental Orthodox, not Eastern) add the following to the Tanakh:
- Enoch
- Jubilees
- Wisdom
- Prayer of Manasseh
- 1 Esdras
- 2 Esdras
- additions to Esther
- Judith
- Tobit
- Psalm 151
- Ecclesiasticus
- Baruch
- additions to Jeremiah
- additions to Daniel
- 2 books of Maccabees, different from all those mentioned above
New Testament
In general, among Christian groups the New Testament canon is agreed-upon, although book order can vary. The listing here is the normal order in English Bibles.
- historical books
- Gospels
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
- Acts of the Apostles
- Gospels
- teaching books: Epistles
- ascribed to Paul
- Romans
- 1 Corinthians
- 2 Corinthians
- Galatians
- Ephesians
- Philippians
- Colossians
- 1 Thessalonians
- 2 Thessalonians
- Pastoral Epistles
- 1 Timothy
- 2 Timothy
- Titus
- Philemon
- Hebrews
- "Catholic" Epistles
- James
- 1 Peter
- 2 Peter
- 1 John
- 2 John
- 3 John
- Jude
- ascribed to Paul
- prophetic book: Revelation
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few additional books in its canon: Jubilees, Book of Enoch, the Shepherd of Hermas, 1 Clement, Acts of Paul, and some uniquely Ethiopian books. There is a matter of some controversy as to what constitutes "canon" in this religious body. The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church includes later translations of those books. Third Epistle to the Corinthians was once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible.
See also
Notes
Return links: Tanakh/Tanakh — New Testament
External links
- Bible Prophecy and History – an Evangelical perspective Canon 325AD, translation issues, historically proven prophecy.
- The Canon of Scripture – a Catholic perspective Canon 1546AD
- The Tanakh at Breslov.com - Masoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS, Kaplan translations.
- Articles on Various Books from Biblical Resource Database
- Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible. The Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary.
- Protestant Bible at BibleGateway.com 50 versions in 35 languages, searchable by verse or keyword.
- Protestant Bible at BlueLetterBible.org King James Version with Strong's Hebrew/Greek Concordance, many tools.
- Slavonic Bible
- Books of the Apocrypha (from the UMC)
- Armenian Bible (an essay, with full official canon at the end)
- Ethiopian Orthodox "narrow canon" (from the UMC)
- The Book That Bridges Millennia (online video and exploration of Biblical beginnings, authority, canonization, translation, and interpretation from the UMC)