Flavivirus
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Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae, named after the Yellow fever virus (Flavi = yellow). Each year, this complex of viruses causes hundreds of millions of infections, with symptoms ranging from assymptomatic, to fever and rash, neurological damage, encephalitis, hemorrhaging, shock and death. Of the flaviviruses, the four Dengue fever viruses cause the most disease each year. Both epidemic and sylavatic (jungle) strains have been found for many flaviviruses. Flaviviruses are arboviruses and are transmitted by ticks, mosquitoes, and no-see-ums (their vectors). Birds serve as a large reservoir for many viruses, but mammals, including humans and horses, are mostly dead-end hosts.
The flavivirus genus includes (see table below) the mosquito borne West Nile virus(WNV), Yellow fever virus(YFV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE) and the virus that causes Dengue fever(DENV). Flavivirus also includes (Central European)-Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Russian-spring summer encephalitis(RSSE) and several other viruses which cause encephalitis. Some flavivirus cause sever hemorrhagic fevers, including Dengue and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
Flavivirus share a common size (40-60 microinches), symmetry (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid), nucleic acid (positive-sense, single stranded RNA approximately 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance in the electron microscope.
List of Flaviviruses
| Virus | Antigenic Complex | Vector |
|---|---|---|
| Yellow fever virus | Yellow Fever | mosquito |
| West Nile virus | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| Kunjin | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| St. Louis Enchephalitis | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| SEPIK | Yellow Fever | mosquito |
| SABV | Yellow Fever | mosquito |
| JUGV | Yellow Fever | mosquito |
| EHV | Yellow Fever | mosquito |
| Japanese Encephalitis | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| Murray Valley Encephalitis | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| USUTU | Japanese Encephalitis | mosquito |
| Dengue-1 virus | Dengue | mosquito |
| Dengue-2 virus | Dengue | mosquito |
| Dengue-3 virus | Dengue | mosquito |
| Dengue-4 virus | Dengue | mosquito |
| Kedouga | Dengue | mosquito |
| BUSS | AROA | mosquito |
| IGUAP | AROA | mosquito |
| ILHEU | NTAYA | mosquito |
| Rocio | NTAYA | mosquito |
| Zika | SPOND | mosquito |
| Kokobera | Kokobera | mosquito |
| Entebbe Bat virus | Entebbe Bat | No Known Vector |
| Yokose | Entebbe Bat | No Known Vector |
| Rio Bravo virus | Rio Bravo | No Known Vector |
| MMLV | Rio Bravo | No Known Vector |
| Modoc virus | Modoc | No Known Vector |
| Apoi | Modoc | No Known Vector |
| Tick-borne encephalitis | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Powassan | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Omsk hemorrhagic fever | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Langat | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Louping-ill virus | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Alkhurma | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Kyasanur Forest disease | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Russian-spring summer encephalitis | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| KARSH | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| KUM | Mammalian tick-borne | Tick |
| Meaban | Seabird tick-borne | Tick |