Barack Obama

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(CC) Photo: Roger H. Goun
Barack Obama at a campaign event, Nashua, NH.

Barack Obama (Bah-RAHK, Oh-BAH-Mah) (born Barack Hussein Obama on August 4, 1961) is a United States Senator from Illinois and, together with Hillary Clinton, one of the two leading contenders for the 2008 presidential nomination of the Democratic Party[1] He is the first African American to be considered a serious presidential possibility for the Democrats since 1988.[2]

Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004. He served 8 years in the Illinois state senate and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago.

Early life

Obama, born in Honolulu, Hawaii, was the son of Barack Obama, Sr., a Kenyan citizen, and Ann Dunham, an American. His father was a Muslim. His parents separated when Obama was 2 years old and later divorced; his father returned to Kenya and met Barack only once thereafter. In 1967, his mother married Lolo Soetoro, an Indonesian foreign student, also Muslim, with whom she had one daughter, Maya. Obama, Sr. died in a car accident in 1982, while his mother died in 1995 of complications related to ovarian cancer. Obama's experience growing up as a multiracial American, as well as the absence of his father was described in his best-selling 1995 memoir Dreams of My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. From his father's side, Obama has two half-sisters and five surviving half-brothers.[3]

He lived his early life in Hawaii and Indonesia. He returned to live with his maternal grandparents in Hawaii to attend the elite private Punahou School, graduating in 1979. [4] Obama states that he used alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during his teenage years, to "push questions of who I was out of my mind." [5] In his book, Dreams of my Father, Obama reports that, "For my grandparents, my admission into Punahou Academy heralded the start of something grand, an elevation in the family status that they took great pains to let everyone know."

Early career

Obama attended Occidental College in Los Angeles, 1979-81, then transferred to Columbia University in New York and was awarded a BA in political science in 1983. He worked as a community organizer in Chicago (1985-8). He earned a J.D. Magna Cum Laude from Harvard Law School in 1991, where he was the editor of the prestigious Harvard Law Review. After moving to Chicago, his wife's hometown, in 1991 he managed a voter education registration drive for the city Democrats. In 1993 he joined the law firm Miner, Barhill and Galland P.C as an associate and became a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Chicago Law School, where he taught a course on constitutional law. As an associate he litigated voting rights and employment cases and also argued appeals in the US Court of Appeals. He never made partner but in 1996 he was appointed "Of Counsel" with Miner, Barhill and Galland, an appointment he still holds.[6] In the 1980s he joined the United Church of Christ (UCC) denomination (formerly the Congregationalists) and attends Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago.[7]

Illinois state legislature

Obama was elected unopposed to the Illinois State Senate in 1996 representing the 13th District, comprising the university neighborhood of Hyde Park in south Chicago. Obama now claims his major accomplishments included, "creating programs like the state Earned Income Tax Credit", "an expansion of early childhood education"; and "legislation requiring the videotaping of interrogations and confessions in all capital cases."[8] However at the time Obama had a reputation as an ineffectual legislator. Some colleagues saw him as a self-righteous goo-goo who thought he was too cool for the chamber and who disdained the hard work of digging up votes. "Barack is a very intelligent man," newsman Rich Miller said in 2000. "He hasn't had a lot of success here [in the state senate], and it could be because he places himself above everybody. He likes people to know he went to Harvard."[9] He resigned in 2004 to become the state's junior United States Senator.

In 2000, he made an unsuccessful Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat held by four-term incumbent candidate Bobby Rush. Rush was endorsed by President Bill Clinton and portrayed Obama as an elitist Ivy Leaguer who was "not black enough." Obama responded, "When Congressman Rush and his allies attack me for going to Harvard and teaching at the University of Chicago, they're sending a signal to black kids that if you're well-educated, somehow you're not 'keeping it real.'" Rush won easily 61%-30%, and Obama changed his campaign style.[10]

During his 2004 U.S. Senate campaign, the Illinois Fraternal Order of Police initially endorsed Daniel Hynes but, after Hynes lost in the primary, later endorsed Hynes opponent, Obama. Given his support of police restrictions in interrogating suspects and requiring police to collect racial information, his police support was mixed as evidenced by a chilly reception he received at a speech to police. [11]

Keynote address at 2004 Democratic National Convention

Obama received national attention when he delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention while still serving as a state senator and running for US Senate. The speech was hailed for its powerful oratory, and its call to unify both sides of the political spectrum in America.[12]

United States Senator

In 2003, Obama began his run for the U.S. Senate open seat vacated by Peter Fitzgerald.

His opponent in the general election was expected to be Republican Party primary winner Jack Ryan. However, Ryan withdrew from the race following public disclosure of child custody divorce records containing sexual allegations by Ryan's ex-wife, actress Jeri Ryan.[13] In August 2004, with less than three months to go before election day, Alan Keyes, a prominent diplomat under Ronald Reagan and a conservative activist, accepted the Illinois Republican Party's nomination to replace Ryan.[14] A long-time resident of Maryland, Keyes established legal residency in Illinois with the nomination.[15] Keyes faced charges of "carpetbagging" and was ridiculed for his rigidly conservative positions, which many found out of the mainstream.[16] At one point, Obama's lead in the polls was so secure, that he allowed staffers to work on other Democratic campaigns. Keyes lost the election to Obama with only 27% of the vote.

Senate career

Obama was sworn in as a Senator on January 4, 2005. Three months into his Senate career, and again in 2007, Time magazine named Obama one of the world's most influential people.[17]

As Senator, Obama co-sponsored the "Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act" introduced by Republican Senator John McCain. [18]

During the first month of the 110th Congress, Obama introduced the Iraq War De-Escalation Act, a bill that caps troop levels in Iraq at January 10, 2007 levels, begins phased redeployment on May 1, 2007, and removes all combat brigades from Iraq by March 31 2008.[19] This bill was not successful. Obama has long stressed his anti-war position. [20]

Rezko controversy

In November 2007, Obama was subject to controversy over his home purchase with indicted Illinois businessman, Antoin Rezko. A homeowner sold Obama a house at a discount and simultaneously an adjacent vacant lot at the full asking price to Rezko's wife. Obama said the arrangement was "boneheaded" but not illegal. [21] Obama has not been charged with any crime.

Presidential campaign

In February 2007, Obama announced at the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois, that he was a candidate for U.S. President. [22]

see 2008 United States presidential election

For daily updates on the polls see [6]

Family life

He married lawyer Michelle LaVaughn Robinson on October 18, 1992. They have two daughters, Malia (born 1999) and Natasha or "Sasha" (born 2001).

Bibliography

  • Barone, Michael, and Richard E. Cohen. The Almanac of American Politics; 2008 (2007)
  • Frank, David A. and Mark Lawrence McPhail. "Barack Obama's Address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention: Trauma, Compromise, Consilience, and the (Im)possibility of Racial Reconciliation." Rhetoric & Public Affairs 2005 8(4): 571-593. Issn: 1094-8392 in Project Muse

Primary sources

  • Obama, Barack. Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, Times Books, 1995. Reprint edition, 2004; ISBN 1-4000-8277-3. The spoken version of the book won Obama a Grammy Award.
  • Obama, Barack.The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream, Crown, 2006. ISBN 0-307-23769-9.

Online sources


notes

  1. ↑ See [1] for recent newspaper and magazine articles
  2. ↑ In 1988 Jesse Jackson won 13 primaries and caucuses; unlike Obama, Jackson never led in the polls or delegate counts. Larry M. Bartels, C. Anthony Broh, "A Review: The 1988 Presidential Primaries," The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Winter, 1989), pp. 563-589
  3. ↑ see [2]
  4. ↑ See [3] and [4]
  5. ↑ Effect of Obama's Candor Remains to Be Seen, [5]
  6. ↑ http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/obama/cv.html
  7. ↑ See J. Bennett Guess, "Thomas denounces smear campaign against UCC’s largest congregation," Jan. 11, 2008, a United Church of Christ press release
  8. ↑ See official Senate webpage
  9. ↑ Edward McClelland, "How Obama Learned to Be a Natural" Salon Feb. 12, 2007
  10. ↑ Edward McClelland, "How Obama Learned to Be a Natural" Salon Feb. 12, 2007
  11. ↑ Cops Give Obama Subdued Reception, http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/women/chi-0408200105aug20,1,5963637.story
  12. ↑ http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-10-22-obama-president_x.htm
  13. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/25/il.ryan/
  14. ↑ Lannan, Maura Kelly. Alan Keyes Enters U.S. Senate Race in Illinois Against Rising Democratic Star, Associated Press, Union-Tribune (San Diego), August 9, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  15. ↑ Liam, Ford, David Mendell. Keyes Sets Up House in Cal City, Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  16. ↑ http://news.pacificnews.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=b74dd9b6e7cdfbe3754d0c98fc0f1f1d
  17. ↑ http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2005/time100/leaders/100obama.html
  18. ↑ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session. S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act, Thomas, May 12 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  19. ↑ http://nwitimes.com/articles/2007/02/07/news/illiana/doc65cc98d8dc6506b28625727b0011edb5.txt
  20. ↑ Obama stresses anti-war stance, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-obama_sun_finalmay20,0,6337865.story
  21. ↑ Obama Says He Regrets Land Deal With Fundraiser, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600729.html
  22. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6349081.stm
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