Perioperative care: Difference between revisions

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===Glucose control===
===Glucose control===
Regarding intraoperative control of glucose, a [[randomized controlled trial]] concluded "the increased incidence of death and stroke in the intensive treatment group raises concern about routine implementation of this intervention."<ref name="pmid17310047">{{cite journal |author=Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, ''et al'' |title=Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=146 |issue=4 |pages=233–43 |year=2007 |pmid=17310047 |doi= |issn=|url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/146/4/233}}</ref> An unblinded [[randomized controlled trial]] found benefit.<ref name="pmid19387173">{{cite journal| author=Subramaniam B, Panzica PJ, Novack V, Mahmood F, Matyal R, Mitchell JD et al.| title=Continuous perioperative insulin infusion decreases major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing vascular surgery: a prospective, randomized trial. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2009 | volume= 110 | issue= 5 | pages= 970-7 | pmid=19387173  
Regarding intraoperative control of glucose, a [[randomized controlled trial]] concluded "the increased incidence of death and stroke in the intensive treatment group raises concern about routine implementation of this intervention."<ref name="pmid17310047">{{cite journal |author=Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, ''et al'' |title=Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=146 |issue=4 |pages=233–43 |year=2007 |pmid=17310047 |doi= |issn=|url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/146/4/233}}</ref> An second [[randomized controlled trial]] that was unblinded, stopped early, and had an imbalance in the age between the two treatment groups found benefit.<ref name="pmid19387173">{{cite journal| author=Subramaniam B, Panzica PJ, Novack V, Mahmood F, Matyal R, Mitchell JD et al.| title=Continuous perioperative insulin infusion decreases major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing vascular surgery: a prospective, randomized trial. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2009 | volume= 110 | issue= 5 | pages= 970-7 | pmid=19387173  
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19387173 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a1005b }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19387173 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a1005b }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name="pmid19387171">{{cite journal| author=Houle TT| title=Reporting the results of a study that did not go according to plan. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2009 | volume= 110 | issue= 5 | pages= 957-8 | pmid=19387171
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19387171 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a0ff04 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:00, 8 March 2010

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See also preoperative care

Perioperative care is defined as "interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery."[1]

[edit intro]

Classification

Intraoperative Care

Postoperative Care

Components of postoperative care may include incentive spirometry.

Complications

Myocardial ischemia

In noncardiac surgery, myocardial ischemia is more common during the postoperative period than during or before surgery.[2]

In coronary artery bypass surgery, ischemia is common after release of aortic occlusion.[3] Ischemia may be better detected by transesophageal echocardiography than by continuous electrocardiography.[4]

Myocardial infarction

Perioperative myocardial infarction has been reviewed.[5]

Myocardial infarction is usually NSTEMI.[6][2][7] Transmural infarctions may occur, but tend to occur later (one week) during hospitalization and are more likely to be transmural.[6]

Older studies showed higher mortality, perhaps due to only detecting large infarctions.[8]

Specific interventions

Medical consultation

The benefits of medical consultation are not clear in an observational study.[9]

Blood transfusions

Among patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting, there may be no meaningful difference between transfusing to maintain a hemoglobin levels > 8 g/dL versus a hemoglobin levels > 9 g/dL.[10] However, hemoglobin levels < 8 g/dL may increase complications.[11]

Glucose control

Regarding intraoperative control of glucose, a randomized controlled trial concluded "the increased incidence of death and stroke in the intensive treatment group raises concern about routine implementation of this intervention."[12] An second randomized controlled trial that was unblinded, stopped early, and had an imbalance in the age between the two treatment groups found benefit.[13][14]

References

  1. ↑ National Library of Medicine. Perioperative care. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mangano DT, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau JF, Tateo IM (December 1990). "Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (26): 1781–8. PMID 2247116. [e]
  3. ↑ Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, et al. (March 1997). "Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group". Anesthesiology 86 (3): 576–91. PMID 9066323. [e]
  4. ↑ Comunale ME, Body SC, Ley C, et al. (April 1998). "The concordance of intraoperative left ventricular wall-motion abnormalities and electrocardiographic S-T segment changes: association with outcome after coronary revascularization. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group". Anesthesiology 88 (4): 945–54. PMID 9579503. [e]
  5. ↑ Devereaux PJ, Goldman L, Cook DJ, Gilbert K, Leslie K, Guyatt GH (September 2005). "Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk". CMAJ 173 (6): 627–34. DOI:10.1503/cmaj.050011. PMID 16157727. PMC 1197163. Research Blogging.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cohen MC, Aretz TH (1999). "Histological analysis of coronary artery lesions in fatal postoperative myocardial infarction". Cardiovasc. Pathol. 8 (3): 133–9. PMID 10722235. [e] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pmid10722235" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Badner NH, Knill RL, Brown JE, Novick TV, Gelb AW (March 1998). "Myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery". Anesthesiology 88 (3): 572–8. PMID 9523798. [e]
  8. ↑ Plumlee JE, Boettner RB (July 1972). "Myocardial infarction during and following anesthesia and operation". South. Med. J. 65 (7): 886–9. PMID 5038186. [e]
  9. ↑ Auerbach AD, Rasic MA, Sehgal N, Ide B, Stone B, Maselli J (2007). "Opportunity missed: medical consultation, resource use, and quality of care of patients undergoing major surgery". Arch. Intern. Med. 167 (21): 2338–44. DOI:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2338. PMID 18039993. Research Blogging.
  10. ↑ Bracey AW, Radovancevic R, Riggs SA, et al (1999). "Lowering the hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in coronary artery bypass procedures: effect on patient outcome". Transfusion 39 (10): 1070–7. PMID 10532600. [e]
  11. ↑ Carson JL, Noveck H, Berlin JA, Gould SA (2002). "Mortality and morbidity in patients with very low postoperative Hb levels who decline blood transfusion". Transfusion 42 (7): 812–8. PMID 12375651. [e]
  12. ↑ Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al (2007). "Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (4): 233–43. PMID 17310047. [e]
  13. ↑ Subramaniam B, Panzica PJ, Novack V, Mahmood F, Matyal R, Mitchell JD et al. (2009). "Continuous perioperative insulin infusion decreases major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing vascular surgery: a prospective, randomized trial.". Anesthesiology 110 (5): 970-7. DOI:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a1005b. PMID 19387173. Research Blogging.
  14. ↑ Houle TT (2009). "Reporting the results of a study that did not go according to plan.". Anesthesiology 110 (5): 957-8. DOI:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a0ff04. PMID 19387171. Research Blogging.

See also

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