United States Secretary of the Treasury: Difference between revisions

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The '''Secretary of the Treasury''' is a Cabinet member charged with developing [[fiscal policy]] for the [[United States of America]] and overseeing the [[Department of the Treasury]]. The position was established in 1789, giving it the distinction of being one of the two oldest [[United States cabinet|Cabinet positions]].<ref name=DepartmentOfTheInteriorHistory>
The '''Secretary of the Treasury''' is a Cabinet member charged with developing [[fiscal policy]] for the [[United States of America]] and overseeing the [[U.S. Department of the Treasury]]. The position was established in 1789, giving it the distinction of being one of the two oldest [[United States cabinet|Cabinet positions]].<ref name=DepartmentOfTheInteriorHistory>
{{cite web
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The first and most influential secretary was [[Alexander Hamilton]] (1789-1794), who established the new nation's finances on a sound bases, and to provide political support created the world's first voter-based political party, the [[Federalist Party]], using the Treasury's national network of supporters.  
The first and most influential secretary was [[Alexander Hamilton]] (1789-1794), who established the new nation's finances on a sound bases, and to provide political support created the world's first voter-based political party, the [[Federalist Party]], using the Treasury's national network of supporters.  


In most countries this position is generally known as the [[Minister of Finance]]; Britain calls it the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]. The Secretary is fifth in the [[Presidential Line of Succession|line of succession]] to the Presidency. The current Secretary is [[Henry Paulson]].  
The Secretary shares with the Chairman of the [[Federal Reserve System]] the status as the most powerful decision-maker in financial policy.<ref> The "[[Treasurer of the United States]]" is a separate position, mostly honorific and without power. The Treasurer and Secretary both have their signature on paper currency.</ref>


==Secretaries of the Treasury==
In most countries this position is generally known as the [[Minister of Finance]]; Britain calls it the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]. The Secretary is fifth in the [[Presidential Line of Succession|line of succession]] to the Presidency. The current Secretary is [[Timothy F. Geithner]].  
Below is a list of the Secretaries of the Treasury along with their dates of service, and the President(s) they served under<ref>http://www.treasury.gov/education/history/secretaries/index.shtml</ref>:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{| class="wikitable"
! '''name''' !! '''term(s) and appointing President'''
|-
| [[Alexander Hamilton]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Sept. 11, 1789 || Jan. 31, 1795 || [[George Washington]]
|}
|-
| [[Oliver Wolcott Jr.]]<br>[[Connecticut]] ||
{|
| Feb. 3, 1795 || Mar. 3, 1797 || [[George Washington]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1797 || Dec. 31, 1800 || [[John Adams]] 
|}
|-
| [[Samuel Dexter]]<br>[[Massachusetts]] ||
{|
| Jan. 1, 1801 || Mar. 3, 1801 || [[John Adams]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1801 || May. 6, 1801 || [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|}
|-
| [[Albert Gallatin]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| May 14, 1801 || Mar. 3, 1809 || [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1809 || Feb 9, 1814 || [[James Madison]]
|}
|-
| [[George W. Campbell]]<br>[[Tennessee]] ||
{|
| Feb. 9, 1814 || Sept. 26, 1814  || [[James Madison]]
|}
|-
| [[Alexander J. Dallas]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Oct. 6, 1814 || Oct. 21, 1816  || [[James Madison]]
|}
|-
| [[William H. Crawford]]<br>[[Georgia]] ||
{|
| Oct. 22, 1816 || Mar. 3, 1817  || [[James Madison]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1817 || Mar. 3, 1825 || [[James Monroe]]   
|}
|-
| [[Richard Rush]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1825 || Mar. 3, 1829 || [[John Quincy Adams]]
|}
|-
| [[Samuel D. Ingham]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Mar. 6, 1829 || Jun. 20, 1831 || [[Andrew Jackson]]
|}
|-
| [[Louis McLane]]<br>[[Delaware]] ||
{|
| Aug. 8, 1831 || May 29, 1833 || [[Andrew Jackson]]
|}
|-
| [[William J. Duane]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| May 29, 1833 || Sep. 23, 1833 || [[Andrew Jackson]]
|}
|-
| [[Roger B. Taney]]<br>[[Maryland]] ||
{|
| Sep. 23, 1833 || Jun. 24, 1834 || [[Andrew Jackson]]
|}
|-
| [[Levi Woodbury]]<br>[[New Hampshire]] ||
{|
| Jul. 1, 1834 || Mar. 3, 1837 || [[Andrew Jackson]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1837 || Mar. 3, 1841 || [[Martin Van Buren]]
|}
|-
| [[Thomas Ewing]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Mar. 5, 1841 || Apr. 4, 1841 || [[William Henry Harrison]]
|-
| Apr. 5, 1841 || Sep. 11, 1841 || [[John Tyler]]
|}
|-
| [[Walter Forward]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Sep. 13, 1841 || Mar. 1, 1843 || [[John Tyler]]
|}
|-
| [[John C. Spencer]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1843 || May 2, 1844 || [[John Tyler]]
|}
|-
| [[George M. Bibb]]<br>[[Kentucky]] ||
{|
| Jul. 4, 1844 || Mar. 3, 1845 || [[John Tyler]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1845 || Mar. 7, 1845 || [[James Polk]]
|}
|-
| [[Robert J. Walker]]<br>[[Mississippi]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1845 || Mar. 3, 1849 || [[James Polk]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1849 || Mar. 5, 1849 ||[[Zachary Taylor]]
|}
|-
| [[William M. Meredith]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1849 || Jul. 9, 1850 || Taylor
|-
| Jul. 10, 1850 || Jul. 22, 1850 || [[Millard Fillmore]]
|}
|-
| [[Thomas Corwin]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Jul. 23, 1850 || Mar. 3, 1853 || [[Millard Fillmore]]
|-
| Mar 4, 1853 || Mar. 6, 1853 || [[Franklin Pierce]]
|}
|-
| [[James Guthrie]]<br>[[Kentucky]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1853 || Mar. 3, 1857 || [[Franklin Pierce]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1857 || Mar. 6, 1857 || [[James Buchanan]]
|}
|-
| [[Howell Cobb]]<br>[[Georgia]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1857 || Dec. 8, 1860 || [[James Buchanan]]
|}
|-
| [[Philip F. Thomas]]<br>[[Maryland]] ||
{|
| Dec. 12, 1860 || Jan. 14, 1861 || [[James Buchanan]]
|}
|-
| [[John A. Dix]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Jan. 15, 1861 || Mar. 3, 1861 || [[James Buchanan]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1861 || Mar. 6, 1861 || [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|}
|-
| [[Salmon P. Chase]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1861 || Jun. 30, 1864 || [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|}
|-
| [[William P. Fessenden]]<br>[[Maine]] ||
{|
| Jul. 5, 1864 || Mar. 3, 1865 || [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|}
|-
| [[Hugh McCulloch]]<br>[[Indiana]] ||
{|
| Mar. 9, 1865 || Apr. 15, 1865 || [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|-
| Apr. 15, 1865 || Mar. 3, 1869 || [[Andrew Johnson]]
|}
|-
| [[George S. Boutwell]]<br>[[Massachusetts]] ||
{|
| Mar. 12, 1869 || Mar. 16, 1873 ||[[Ulysses Grant]]
|}
|-
| [[William A. Richardson]]<br>[[Massachusetts]] ||
{|
| Mar. 17, 1873 || Jun. 3, 1874 ||[[Ulysses Grant]]
|}
|-
| [[Benjamin H. Bristow]]<br>[[Kentucky]] ||
{|
| Jun. 4, 1874 || Jun. 20, 1876 ||[[Ulysses Grant]]
|}
|-
| [[Lot M. Morrill]]<br>[[Maine]] ||
{|
| Jul. 7, 1876 || Mar. 3, 1877 || [[Ulysses Grant]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1877 || Mar. 9, 1877 || [[Rutherford Hayes]]
|}
|-
| [[John Sherman]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Mar. 10, 1877 || Mar. 3, 1881 || [[Rutherford Hayes]]
|}
|-
| [[William Windom]]<br>[[Minnesota]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1881 || Sep. 19, 1881 || [[James Garfield]]
|-
| Sep. 20, 1881 || Nov. 13, 1881 || [[Chester Arthur]]
|}
|-
| [[Charles J. Folger]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Nov. 14, 1881 || Sep. 4, 1884 || [[Chester Arthur]]
|}
|-
| [[Walter Q. Gresham]]<br>[[Indiana]] ||
{|
| Sep. 25, 1884 - Oct. 30, 1884  || [[Chester Arthur]]
|}
|-
| [[Hugh McCulloch]]<br>[[Indiana]] ||
{|
| Oct. 31, 1884 - Mar. 3, 1885  || [[Chester Arthur]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1885 - Mar. 7, 1885 || [[Grover Cleveland]]
|}
|-
| [[Daniel Manning]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1885 || Mar. 31, 1887 || [[Grover Cleveland]]
|}
|-
| [[Charles S. Fairchild]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Apr. 1, 1887 || Mar. 3, 1889 || [[Grover Cleveland]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1889 || Mar. 6, 1889 || [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|}
|-
| [[William Windom]]<br>[[Minnesota]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1889 || Jan. 29, 1891 || [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|}
|-
| [[Charles Foster]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Feb. 25, 1891 || Mar. 3, 1893 || [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1893 || Mar. 6, 1893 || Cleveland 
|}
|-
| [[John G. Carlisle]]<br>[[Kentucky]] ||
{|
| Mar. 7, 1893 || Mar. 3, 1897 || Cleveland
|-
| Mar. 4, 1897 || Mar. 5, 1897 || [[William McKinley]]
|}
|-
| [[Lyman J. Gage]]<br>[[Illinois]] ||
{|
| Mar. 6, 1897 || Sep. 14, 1901 || [[William McKinley]]
|-
| Sep. 14, 1901 || Jan. 31, 1902 || [[Theodore Roosevelt]] 
|}
|-
| [[Leslie M. Shaw]]<br>[[Iowa]] ||
{|
| Feb. 1, 1902 || Mar. 3, 1907  || [[Theodore Roosevelt]] 
|}
|-
| [[George B. Cortelyou]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Mar. 4, 1907|| Mar. 3, 1909  || [[Theodore Roosevelt]] 
|-
| Mar. 4, 1909 || Mar. 7, 1909 || [[William Howard Taft]] 
|}
|-
| [[Franklin MacVeagh]]<br>[[Illinois]] ||
{|
| Mar. 8, 1909|| Mar. 3, 1913 || [[William Howard Taft]] 
|-
| Mar. 4, 1913 || Mar. 5, 1913 || [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|}
|-
| [[William G. McAdoo]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Mar. 6, 1913 || Dec. 15, 1918 || [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|}
|-
| [[Carter Glass]]<br>[[Virginia]] ||
{|
| Dec. 16, 1918 || Feb. 1, 1920 || [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|}
|-
| [[David F. Houston]]<br>[[Missouri]] ||
{|
| Feb. 2, 1920 || Mar. 3, 1921 || [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|}
|-
| [[Andrew W. Mellon]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Mar. 4, 1921 || Aug. 2, 1923 || [[Warren Harding]]
|-
| Aug. 3, 1923 || Mar. 3, 1929 || [[Calvin Coolidge]]
|-
| Mar. 4, 1929 || Feb. 12, 1932 || [[Herbert Hoover]]
|}
|-
| [[Ogden L. Mills]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Feb. 13, 1932 || Mar. 3, 1933 || [[Herbert Clark Hoover]]
|}
|-
| [[William H. Woodin]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Mar. 4, 1933 || Dec. 31, 1933 || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]
|}
|-
| [[Henry Morgenthau, Jr.]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Jan. 1, 1934 || Apr. 12, 1945 || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]
|-
| Apr. 12, 1945 || Jul. 22, 1945 || [[Harry S. Truman]]
|}
|-
| [[Fred M. Vinson]]<br>[[Kentucky]] ||
{|
| Jul. 23, 1945 || Jun. 23, 1946 || [[Harry S. Truman]]
|}
|-
| [[John W. Snyder]]<br>[[Missouri]] ||
{|
| Jun. 25, 1946 || Jan. 20, 1953 || [[Harry S. Truman]]
|}
|-
| [[George M. Humphrey]]<br>[[Ohio]] ||
{|
| Jan. 21, 1953 || Jul. 29, 1957 || [[Dwight Eisenhower]]
|}
|-
| [[Robert B. Anderson]]<br>[[Connecticut]] ||
{|
| Jul. 29, 1957 || Jan. 20, 1961|| [[Dwight Eisenhower]]
|}
|-
| [[C. Douglas Dillon]]<br>[[New Jersey]] ||
{|
| Jan. 21, 1961 || Nov 22, 1963 || [[John F. Kennedy]]
|-
| Nov. 22, 1963 || Apr. 1, 1965 || [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|}
|-
| [[Henry H. Fowler]]<br>[[Virginia]] ||
{|
| Apr. 1, 1965 || Dec. 20, 1968 || [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|}
|-
| [[Joseph W. Barr]]<br>[[Indiana]] ||
{|
| Dec. 21, 1968 || Jan. 20, 1969 ||[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|}
|-
| [[David M. Kennedy]]<br>[[Utah]] ||
{|
| Jan. 22, 1969 || Feb. 11, 1971 || [[Richard Nixon]]
|}
|-
| [[John B. Connally]]<br>[[Texas]] ||
{|
| Feb. 11, 1971 || Jun. 12, 1972  || [[Richard Nixon]]
|}
|-
| [[George P. Shultz]]<br>[[Illinois]] ||
{|
| Jun. 12, 1972 || May 8, 1974  || [[Richard Nixon]]
|}
|-
| [[William E. Simon]]<br>[[New Jersey]] ||
{|
| May 8, 1974 || Aug. 9, 1974  || [[Richard Nixon]]
|-
| Aug 9, 1974 || Jan. 20, 1977 || [[Gerald Ford]]
|}
|-
| [[W. Michael Blumenthal]]<br>[[Michigan]] ||
{|
| Jan. 23, 1977 || Aug. 4, 1979 || [[Jimmy Carter]]
|}
|-
| [[G. William Miller]]<br>[[Rhode Island]] ||
{|
| Aug. 6, 1979 || Jan. 20, 1981 || [[Jimmy Carter]]
|}
|-
| [[Donald T. Regan]]<br>[[New Jersey]] ||
{|
| Jan. 22, 1981 || Feb. 2, 1985 || [[Ronald Reagan]]
|}
|-
| [[James A. Baker, III]]<br>[[Texas]] ||
{|
| Feb. 3, 1985 || Aug. 17, 1988  || [[Ronald Reagan]]
|}
|-
| [[Nicholas F. Brady]]<br>[[New Jersey]] ||
{|
| Sep. 16, 1988 || Jan. 20, 1989  || [[Ronald Reagan]]
|-
| Jan. 20, 1989 || Jan. 17, 1993 || [[George H. W. Bush]]
|}
|-
| [[Lloyd M. Bentsen]]<br>[[Texas]] ||
{|
| Jan. 22, 1993 || Dec. 22, 1994 || [[Bill Clinton]]
|}
|-
| [[Robert E. Rubin]]<br>[[New York]] ||
{|
| Jan. 10, 1995 || Jul. 2, 1999  || [[Bill Clinton]]
|}
|-
| [[Lawrence H. Summers]]<br>[[Massachusetts]] ||
{|
| Jul. 2, 1999 || Jan. 20, 2001  || [[Bill Clinton]]
|}
|-
| [[Paul H. O'Neill]]<br>[[Pennsylvania]] ||
{|
| Jan. 30, 2001 || Dec. 31, 2002 || [[George W. Bush]]
|}
|-
| [[John W. Snow]]<br>[[Virginia]] ||
{|
| Feb. 3, 2003 || June 29, 2006 || [[George W. Bush]]
|}
|-
| [[Henry M. Paulson, Jr.]]<br>[[Illinois]] ||
{|
| Jul. 10, 2006 || Present  || [[George W. Bush]]
|}
|}


==Bibliography==
 
* Blum, John Morton. ''From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Crisis, 1928-1938'' (1959); ''Years of urgency: 1938-1941'' (1965); ''Years of war, 1941-1945'' (1967), a narrative history based very closely on the diaries
==See also==
*  Cannadine, David. ''Mellon: An American Life'' (2006)
* [[Treasurer of the United States]]
* Chernow, Ron. ''Alexander Hamilton'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Alexander-Hamilton-Ron-Chernow/dp/B000UENRQU/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201437874&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]  
* [[Federal Reserve System]]
* Niven, John. ''Salmon P. Chase: A Biography'' (1995 ) [http://www.amazon.com/Salmon-Chase-Biography-John-Niven/dp/0195046536/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201438358&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Suskind, Ron.  ''The Price of Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul O'Neill'' (2004)  [http://www.amazon.com/Price-Loyalty-George-Education-ONeill/dp/B0008EH6KA/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201438265&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Walters, Raymond. ''Albert Gallatin: Jeffersonian Financier And Diplomat'' (1957) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/albert-gallatin-jeffersonian-financier-and-diplomat-by-raymond-walters.jsp online edition]
* White, Leonard D. ''The Federalists: a Study in Administrative History'' (1956)
* White, Leonard D. ''The Jeffersonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1801-1829'' (1951)
* White, Leonard D. ''Jacksonians: A Study In Administrative History, 1829-1861'' (1954)
* White, Leonard D. ''The Republican era;: A study in administrative history, 1869-1901'' (1958)
   
   
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This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

The Secretary of the Treasury is a Cabinet member charged with developing fiscal policy for the United States of America and overseeing the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The position was established in 1789, giving it the distinction of being one of the two oldest Cabinet positions.[1] The first and most influential secretary was Alexander Hamilton (1789-1794), who established the new nation's finances on a sound bases, and to provide political support created the world's first voter-based political party, the Federalist Party, using the Treasury's national network of supporters.

The Secretary shares with the Chairman of the Federal Reserve System the status as the most powerful decision-maker in financial policy.[2]

In most countries this position is generally known as the Minister of Finance; Britain calls it the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Secretary is fifth in the line of succession to the Presidency. The current Secretary is Timothy F. Geithner.


See also

Notes

  1. ↑ DOI history. Department of the Interior. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  2. ↑ The "Treasurer of the United States" is a separate position, mostly honorific and without power. The Treasurer and Secretary both have their signature on paper currency.
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