Sleep: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Robert Badgett (New page: {{subpages}} In physiology, '''sleep''' is a "readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility."<ref>{{...) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{subpages}} | {{subpages}} | ||
In [[physiology]], '''sleep''' is a "readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | In [[physiology]], '''sleep''' is a "readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | ||
==Sleep stages== | |||
The stages of sleep include "Stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; Stage 2: light sleep; Stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep"<ref>{{MeSH|Sleep stages}}</ref> and REM sleep. REM sleep is "characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming."<ref>{{MeSH|REM Sleep stages}}</ref> | |||
==Disorders of sleep== | ==Disorders of sleep== | ||
Sedentary lifestyle, at least in children, may increase sleep latency.<ref name="pmid19633062">{{cite journal |author=Nixon GM, Thompson JM, Han DY, ''et al.'' |title=Falling asleep: the determinants of sleep latency |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |month=July |pmid=19633062 |doi=10.1136/adc.2009.157453 |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19633062 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
===Obstructive sleep apnea=== | ===Obstructive sleep apnea=== | ||
{{main|Obstructive sleep apnea}} | {{main|Obstructive sleep apnea}} | ||
===Sleep deprivation=== | |||
The effects of sleep deprivation have been compared to ethanol.<ref name="pmid14746378">{{cite journal |author=Roehrs T, Burduvali E, Bonahoom A, Drake C, Roth T |title=Ethanol and sleep loss: a "dose" comparison of impairing effects |journal=Sleep |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=981–5 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=14746378 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9230429">{{cite journal |author=Dawson D, Reid K |title=Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment |journal=Nature |volume=388 |issue=6639 |pages=235 |year=1997 |month=July |pmid=9230429 |doi=10.1038/40775 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40775 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11235793">{{cite journal |author=Williamson AM, Feyer AM, Mattick RP, Friswell R, Finlay-Brown S |title=Developing measures of fatigue using an alcohol comparison to validate the effects of fatigue on performance |journal=Accid Anal Prev |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=313–26 |year=2001 |month=May |pmid=11235793 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001-4575(00)00045-2 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16626342">{{cite journal |author=Kocher H, Warwick J, Al-Ghnaniem R, Patel A |title=Surgical dexterity after a 'night out on the town' |journal=ANZ J Surg |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=110–2 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16626342 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03664.x |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1445-1433&date=2006&volume=76&issue=3&spage=110 |issn=}}</ref> In one comparative study, "sleep loss was more potent than ethanol in its sedative effects but comparable in effects on psychomotor performance. Ethanol produced greater memory deficits, and subjects were less aware of their overall performance impairment."<ref name="pmid14746378">{{cite journal |author=Roehrs T, Burduvali E, Bonahoom A, Drake C, Roth T |title=Ethanol and sleep loss: a "dose" comparison of impairing effects |journal=Sleep |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=981–5 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=14746378 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> In a second study, "moderate levels of fatigue produce higher levels of impairment than the proscribed level of alcohol intoxication."<ref name="pmid9230429">{{cite journal |author=Dawson D, Reid K |title=Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment |journal=Nature |volume=388 |issue=6639 |pages=235 |year=1997 |month=July |pmid=9230429 |doi=10.1038/40775 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40775 |issn=}}</ref> While both factors impair performance, ethanol impairs self-perception of performance.<ref name="pmid10354808">{{cite journal |author=Fairclough SH, Graham R |title=Impairment of driving performance caused by sleep deprivation or alcohol: a comparative study |journal=Hum Factors |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=118–28 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=10354808 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
==Sleep abnormalities and associations with other diseases== | |||
Abnormalities of REM sleep such as excessive motor activity are associated with subsequent [[Parkinson's disease]] and Lewy body [[dementia]].<ref name="pmid19109537">{{cite journal |author=Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Fantini ML, Massicotte-Marquez J, Montplaisir J |title=Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder |journal=Neurology |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2008 |month=December |pmid=19109537 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e |url=http://www.neurology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19109537 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
Reduced amount of sleep may be associated with [[cardiovascular disease]] such as [[coronary heart disease]] and [[stroke]].<ref name="pmid19001199">{{cite journal |author=Eguchi K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, ''et al'' |title=Short sleep duration as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypertension |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=168 |issue=20 |pages=2225–31 |year=2008 |month=November |pmid=19001199 |doi=10.1001/archinte.168.20.2225 |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19001199 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
Reduced sleep may be associated with reduced resistance to upper [[respiratory track infection]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal | |||
| doi = 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505 | |||
| volume = 169 | |||
| issue = 1 | |||
| pages = 62-67 | |||
| last = Cohen | |||
| first = Sheldon | |||
| coauthors = William J. Doyle, Cuneyt M. Alper, Denise Janicki-Deverts, Ronald B. Turner | |||
| title = Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to the Common Cold | |||
| journal = Arch Intern Med | |||
| accessdate = 2009-01-13 | |||
| date = 2009-01-12 | |||
| url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/169/1/62 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Napping== | |||
Napping prior to sleep loss may be more effective than napping afterward.<ref name="pmid3659730">{{cite journal| author=Dinges DF, Orne MT, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC| title=Temporal placement of a nap for alertness: contributions of circadian phase and prior wakefulness. | journal=Sleep | year= 1987 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 313-29 | pmid=3659730 | |||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3659730 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:01, 19 October 2024
In physiology, sleep is a "readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility."[1]
Sleep stages
The stages of sleep include "Stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; Stage 2: light sleep; Stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep"[2] and REM sleep. REM sleep is "characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming."[3]
Disorders of sleep
Sedentary lifestyle, at least in children, may increase sleep latency.[4]
Obstructive sleep apnea
Sleep deprivation
The effects of sleep deprivation have been compared to ethanol.[5][6][7][8] In one comparative study, "sleep loss was more potent than ethanol in its sedative effects but comparable in effects on psychomotor performance. Ethanol produced greater memory deficits, and subjects were less aware of their overall performance impairment."[5] In a second study, "moderate levels of fatigue produce higher levels of impairment than the proscribed level of alcohol intoxication."[6] While both factors impair performance, ethanol impairs self-perception of performance.[9]
Sleep abnormalities and associations with other diseases
Abnormalities of REM sleep such as excessive motor activity are associated with subsequent Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia.[10]
Reduced amount of sleep may be associated with cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease and stroke.[11]
Reduced sleep may be associated with reduced resistance to upper respiratory track infections.[12]
Napping
Napping prior to sleep loss may be more effective than napping afterward.[13]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Sleep (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Sleep stages (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), REM Sleep stages (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Nixon GM, Thompson JM, Han DY, et al. (July 2009). "Falling asleep: the determinants of sleep latency". Arch. Dis. Child.. DOI:10.1136/adc.2009.157453. PMID 19633062. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Roehrs T, Burduvali E, Bonahoom A, Drake C, Roth T (December 2003). "Ethanol and sleep loss: a "dose" comparison of impairing effects". Sleep 26 (8): 981–5. PMID 14746378. [e]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dawson D, Reid K (July 1997). "Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment". Nature 388 (6639): 235. DOI:10.1038/40775. PMID 9230429. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Williamson AM, Feyer AM, Mattick RP, Friswell R, Finlay-Brown S (May 2001). "Developing measures of fatigue using an alcohol comparison to validate the effects of fatigue on performance". Accid Anal Prev 33 (3): 313–26. PMID 11235793. [e]
- ↑ Kocher H, Warwick J, Al-Ghnaniem R, Patel A (March 2006). "Surgical dexterity after a 'night out on the town'". ANZ J Surg 76 (3): 110–2. DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03664.x. PMID 16626342. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Fairclough SH, Graham R (March 1999). "Impairment of driving performance caused by sleep deprivation or alcohol: a comparative study". Hum Factors 41 (1): 118–28. PMID 10354808. [e]
- ↑ Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Fantini ML, Massicotte-Marquez J, Montplaisir J (December 2008). "Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder". Neurology. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e. PMID 19109537. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Eguchi K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, et al (November 2008). "Short sleep duration as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypertension". Arch. Intern. Med. 168 (20): 2225–31. DOI:10.1001/archinte.168.20.2225. PMID 19001199. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Cohen, Sheldon; William J. Doyle, Cuneyt M. Alper, Denise Janicki-Deverts, Ronald B. Turner (2009-01-12). "Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to the Common Cold". Arch Intern Med 169 (1): 62-67. DOI:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505. Retrieved on 2009-01-13. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Dinges DF, Orne MT, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC (1987). "Temporal placement of a nap for alertness: contributions of circadian phase and prior wakefulness.". Sleep 10 (4): 313-29. PMID 3659730.