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'''Einsteinium''' ([[chemical symbol]] Es) is a [[chemical element]] with [[atomic number]] 99.
{{subpages}}
It belongs to the class of elements called [[transuranic element]]s whose atomic number are higher than 92, the atomic number of [[uranium]].


Formally it was named for [[Albert Einstein]], although it was initially called Pandamonium. A weapons test: Project Panda<ref>letter by Eric Evans in the Economist (April 19th. 1997, p.8)</ref>, produced the 20-day <sup>253E</sup> isotope in the fallout. Elements 99 and 100 (einsteinium and [[fermium]]) were found in debris brought back from the first H-bomb test in the Pacific by [[Al Ghiorso]] and co-workers at [[Berkeley]] in December 1952<ref>http://www.lbl.gov/today/2005/Jul/11-Mon/ghiobio-jump.html</ref><ref>{{citation
{{Elem_Infobox
| title = Einsteinium
|elName=Einsteinium
| url = http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/99.html
|eltrnCfg=1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>3d<sup>10</sup>4s<sup>2</sup>4p<sup>6</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>5s<sup>2</sup>5p<sup>6</sup>4f<sup>14</sup>5d<sup>10</sup>6s<sup>2</sup>6p<sup>6</sup>5f<sup>11</sup>&thinsp;7s<sup>2</sup>
| journal = [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]}}</ref>
|no1=2
|no2=3
|no3=
|no4=
|properties=Soft, silvery metal
|compounds=
|uses=
|hazard=Radioactive and toxic.
}}
 
'''Einsteinium''' is a [[Chemical elements|chemical element]], having the [[chemical symbol]] Es. Its [[atomic number]] (the number of [[proton]]s) is 99. It has a [[Atomic mass#Standard atomic weights of the elements|standard atomic weight]] of 252 g•mol<sup> −1</sup> and it is a [[solid]] in its elemental form.
 
Einsteinium is considered a member of the "Transuranic" class of elements. At a [[pressure]] of 101.325 k[[Pascal (unit)|Pa]], it has a [[melting point]] of 860 °[[Celsius (unit)|C]]. There is no data available regarding its [[boiling point]].
 
Formally it was named for [[Albert Einstein]], although it was initially called "pandamonium".<ref>[http://www.ul.ie/~childsp/CinA/Issue51/issue51.htm Chemistry in Action, Issue 51] From the website of the [[University of Limerick]] in Ireland. In the left-hand navigation column, scroll down to Scetion 15, click on it and then read about the letter by Eric Evans on page 8 of the ''Economist'' of April 19, 1997</ref>. Einsteinium was first identified in December 1952 by [[Albert Ghiorso]] and co-workers at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in collaboration with the [[Argonne National Laboratory|Argonne]] and [[Los Alamos National Laboratory|Los Alamos National Laboratories]]. It was found in the fallout from the [[Operation Ivy#Ivy Mike|Ivy Mike]]  nuclear test on November 1, 1952 at [[Enewetak Atoll]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. That test produced the <sup>253</sup> Einsteinium [[isotope]] with a half-life of 20 days.<ref>[http://www.lbl.gov/today/2005/Jul/11-Mon/ghiobio-jump.html Al Ghiorso's Long and Happy Life] From the website of the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] (LBNL)</ref><ref>[http://periodic.lanl.gov/99.shtml Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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Einsteinium
252 2
3
  Es
99
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6 4d105s25p64f145d106s26p65f11 7s2
[ ? ] Transuranic element:
Properties:
Soft, silvery metal
Hazard:
Radioactive and toxic.


Einsteinium is a chemical element, having the chemical symbol Es. Its atomic number (the number of protons) is 99. It has a standard atomic weight of 252 g•mol −1 and it is a solid in its elemental form.

Einsteinium is considered a member of the "Transuranic" class of elements. At a pressure of 101.325 kPa, it has a melting point of 860 °C. There is no data available regarding its boiling point.

Formally it was named for Albert Einstein, although it was initially called "pandamonium".[1]. Einsteinium was first identified in December 1952 by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers at the University of California, Berkeley in collaboration with the Argonne and Los Alamos National Laboratories. It was found in the fallout from the Ivy Mike nuclear test on November 1, 1952 at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. That test produced the 253 Einsteinium isotope with a half-life of 20 days.[2][3]

References

  1. ↑ Chemistry in Action, Issue 51 From the website of the University of Limerick in Ireland. In the left-hand navigation column, scroll down to Scetion 15, click on it and then read about the letter by Eric Evans on page 8 of the Economist of April 19, 1997
  2. ↑ Al Ghiorso's Long and Happy Life From the website of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
  3. ↑ Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
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