Metacognition

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Whenever one thinks about what one’s occurrent thoughts — for example, wondering why one decides to do one thing as opposed to another, or wondering why one cannot recall the name of the person one just ran into — one performs an act of metacognition, in other words, having thoughts about one’s own thoughts or cognitions. One ‘metacognizes’ or ‘metathinks. Typically payint little attention of our doing it, we metacognize frequently.

Metacognition does not subsume a unitary concept.

• One can metacognize about one’s knowledge or beliefs recalled from longterm memory, whether we remember correctly or incorrectly. One can think, “I needn’t exercise; I get enough just doing housework.”
• One can metacognize by monitoring one’s thinking, trying to decide, say, whether one has considered all factors relevant to the thought task at hand “Let’s see; what have I forgotten?”
• One can metacognize by controlling, or in some way, regulating one’s thinking: “I’m not going to pursue this line of thought, as it seems to lead nowhere, or I’m finding it depressing, or I’ll have to tell my confessor.”
• One may metacognize for purposes of strategizing future activities: “Okay, here’s my plan, but is it a good one.?”
• One can metacognize to try to determine why one has a certain world view: “Why do I think of myself as a slave; aren’t I as much a human being as my master?”
• One can metacognize during learning exercises: "Do I know the material, or do I need to study more?"

One can extend this list, which serves only to demonstrate that different categories of metcognition exist, and that the activity of metacognizing occurs as a natural cognitive phenomenon, typically considered a conscious phenomenon, but not necessarily according to some scholars.<ref name=reder96>Reder LM, Schum CD. (1996) Chapter 3: “Metacognition Does Not Imply Awareness: Strategy Choice Is Governed by Implicit Learning and Memory.” In: Reder LM (editor) Implicit Memory and Metacognition. Lawrence Erlbaum:Mahwah, NJ.

• Excerpt: ....there are two core meanings of the term metacognition to which most researchers using that label often refer: monitoring and control of cognitive processes....Monitoring of cognitive processes can include awareness of the component steps in cognitive processes as well as awareness of various features of these steps including their duration and their successfulness....Monitoring typically refers to awareness of the features of the current behavior....In contrast, control of cognitive processes refers to the processes that modify behavior, such as the selection of a strategy for performing a task....we focus on the relationship between monitoring and control of cognition in a special way: We argue that some aspects of metacognition typically called monitoring, and therefore implying awareness, actually operate without much awareness. Moreover, the control processes that operate to affect strategy choice are frequently influenced by implicit processes.ref>

Metacognition qualifies as an academic discipline, a subdiscipline of Cognitive Science. In conjunction with this article under development, the reader might consult....

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