Light

Light, on a scientific level, can be defined by an amount of electromagnetic radiation given off by an electron within an atom that, having gained energy, returns from a higher valance level to it's natural level. The emission of the excess energy by the return to the lower valence shell produces this electromagnetic radiation. Upon the return to the natural level, a photon is emitted by the electron with very specific properties. Those observable properties determine the qualitative properties of the light.

Although it is known that light has a finite speed, light exhibits behavior that of both waves and particles. The behaviors of light can generally be classified into four categories:

Waveform-like behaviors:

• refraction
• interference
• diffraction

Particle-like behaviors:

• reflection

Refraction occurs when the speed of light is reduced at the point of intersection between light and another medium. The angle of refraction is dependant on the effect of change in the speed of light. A larger reduction in the speed of light within the medium will result in a greater angle of refraction. Diamond has a much greater index of refraction than water.

Diffraction is the visual appearance of light changing shape in accordance with obstacles in its direct path. When light is projected to a plane that has only a small opening for light to pass through, the location at which light is allowed to continue can be identified as a single point source of light. This single point does not limit the projection to only the shape of the point; rather it is re-emitted in the widest possible scope.

Reflection happens when light is transmitted to a medium, and instead of changing the speed of light, merely returns the light at the same angle with the same amount of energy. In this sense, it exhibits the same behaviors as particles.