Urolithiasis

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In medicine, urolithiasis if the "formation of stones in any part of the urinary tract, usually in the kidney; urinary bladder; or the ureter."[1]

Classification

Etiology/cause

  • Hypercalcuria - >140 mg/gm of urine creatinine or >4 mg/kg of body weight
  • Hyperoxaluria - >40mg in 24 hour urine. May be primary or secondary to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease
  • Hypocitruria
  • Uric acid
  • Struvite
  • Cysteine

Treatment

Prevention

Chlorthalidone reduces recurrence of calcium oxalate stones.[2][3]

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Urolithiasis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI (1988). "Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not.". J Urol 139 (4): 679-84. PMID 3280829.
  3. ↑ Escribano J, Balaguer A, Pagone F, Feliu A, Roqué I Figuls M (2009). "Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD004754. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004754.pub2. PMID 19160242. Research Blogging.
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