Diabetic ketoacidosis
In medicine, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a type of metabolic acidosis that is a "life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is characterized by excessive lipolysis, oxidation of fatty acids, production of ketone bodies, a sweet smell to the breath (ketosis;) dehydration; and depressed consciousness leading to coma.[1]
Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. It is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.[2][3]As it is treated, DKA converts from a high anion gap metabolic acidosis to a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to "excretion of ketone anions in the urine"[4], especially if excreted with sodium or potassium cations.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Diabetic ketoacidosis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Wilson JF (2010). "In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis.". Ann Intern Med 152 (1): ITC1-1, ITC1-2, ITC1-3,ITC1-4, ITC1-5, ITC1-6, ITC1-7, ITC1-8, ITC1-9, ITC1-10, ITC1-11, ITC1-12, ITC1-13, ITC1-14, ITC1-15, table of contents; quiz ITC1-16. DOI:10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001. PMID 20048266. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Rucker DW (February 12, 2008), "Diabetic ketoacidosis", eMedicine
- ↑ Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Goldstein DA, Fein IA (December 1978). "Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketosis". Ann. Intern. Med. 89 (6): 925–7. PMID 102229. [e]