Hash (cryptography)
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In cryptography a hash or message digest is a fixed-size digest which can be calculated from an input text of any size up to some large limit. While cryptographic principles are used, these functions are used in manners quite different than two-way, or even one-way full-text cryptographically protected communications. The primary applications of hashes and message digests are as means of error detection, source authentication, or data integrity protection.
MD4 and descendants
MD5
SHA
SHA-2
Other 20th century hashes
Tiger
Whirlpool
The Advanced Hash Standard
Skein
From Bruce Schneier and others: [1]
MD6
From a team led by Ron Rivest.
CubeHash
From Dan Bernstein, [2]
Essence
From Jason Worth Martin [3]
Sgàil
Peter Maxwell [4]
EnRUPT
Sean O'Neil [5]
Maraca
Robert Jenkins [6]