Magnesium in nutrition and human health

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Magnesium is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,[1] or neuromuscular excitability."[2]

Relationship with other ions

Focusing on single ions rather than on their mutual interaction often leads to artificial controversies in which K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have each been claimed as the "most" important ionic determinant of pathologic processes such as hypertension.[3]

Calcium

Also see Neurology[4]

Sodium

Potassium

The intracellular and extracellular milieus

Magnesium in disease

Neurology

"This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials." [4]

Stroke

Magnesium in stroke treatment[5]. Also see Emergency medicine and Causes of magnesium losses

Kidney diseases

Asthma and COPD

Cardiovascular disease

"Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural calcium channel blocker. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a statin."Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.[6]

Obstetrics

New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency[7]

Emergency medicine

[8]

Sources of magnesium

Water

Food

Absorption

Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans[8]

Causes of magnesium losses

HPA overactivity

The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review[9]

References

  1. Draper DE (2004). "A guide to ions and RNA structure". RNA 10 (3): 335–43. PMID 14970378[e]
  2. Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T (2004). "Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286 (4): F599–605. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003. PMID 15001450. Research Blogging.
  3. Resnick LM, Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Veniero JM, Nicholson JP, Gupta RK (2001). "Relation of cellular potassium to other mineral ions in hypertension and diabetes". Hypertension 38 (3 Pt 2): 709–12. PMID 11566962[e]
  4. 4.0 4.1 McBain CJ, Traynelis SF (2006). "Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 575 (Pt 2): 317–8. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629. PMID 16809360. Research Blogging.
  5. Muir KW (2002). "Magnesium in stroke treatment". Postgrad Med J 78 (925): 641–5. PMID 12496316[e]
  6. Rosanoff A, Seelig MS (2004). "Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (5): 501S–505S. PMID 15466951[e]
  7. Durlach J (2004). "New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (6): 694S–700S. PMID 15637217[e]
  8. 8.0 8.1 Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y (2003). "Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans". J. Nutr. 133 (1): 1–4. PMID 12514257[e]
  9. Dubé L, Granry JC (2003). "The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review". Can J Anaesth 50 (7): 732–46. PMID 12944451[e]