Cyclooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that is responsible for the key step in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Other names for this enzyme include: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (the current official name), Prostaglandin H2 synthase, and Prostaglandin G/H synthase. The enzyme is most commonly abbreviated "COX," but may also be referred to as "PTGS" or "PGHS." This enzyme is the therapeutic target for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Research has also revealed that it is present in most organisms in two isoforms. A constitutive COX-1 and an inducible COX-2. This article will refer to both isoforms as a single enzyme where appropriate, and will distinguish one from the other when necessary. Also, all information will refer to the human cyclooxygenases except where noted.