38th United States Congress

The Thirty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1865, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1863 - March 3, 1865

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1863 – March 14, 1863
• First session: December 7, 1863- July 4, 1864
• Second session: December 5, 1864 - March 3, 1865
• Previous congress: 37th Congress
  
• Next congress: 39th Congress

Party summary

West Virginia and Nevada were newly admitted to the Union and first represented as states in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Democratic (D): 10 Republican (R): 33 (majority) Unconditional Unionist (U): 5 Unionist (U): 4 TOTAL members: 52

House of Representatives Democratic (D): 72 Republican (R): 85 (majority) Unionist (UU): 9 Unconditional Unionist (UU): 16 Independent Republican (IR): 2 TOTAL members: 184

Leadership

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Solomon Foot, Republican of Vermont, first elected in this Congress March 4, 1863.
  • Daniel Clark Republican of New Hampshire, first elected April 26, 1864.

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, elected December 7, 1863.

Senate

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Henry B. Anthony, Republican of Rhode Island

House of Representatives

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Justin S. Morrill of Vermont.

Major events

Events of 1863, 1864 and 1865

• American Civil War, which had started in 1861, continued through this Congress and ended later in 1865

Major legislation

List of United States federal legislation in the 38th Congress

• June 19, 1863 -- West Virginia admitted as a state, formed from a portion of Virginia.
• April 22, 1864 -- Coinage Act of 1864
• May 26, 1864 -- Montana Territory organized
• October 31, 1864 -- Nevada admitted as a state
• February 9, 1865 -- Chippewa Indians treaty ratification
• March 3, 1865 -- Freedman's Bureau

Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Alabama 2: vacant 3: vacant Arkansas 2: vacant 3: vacant California 3: James A. McDougall (D) 1: John Conness (R) Connecticut 3: La Fayette S. Foster (R) 1: James Dixon (R) Delaware 1: James A. Bayard, Jr. (D) George Read Riddle (D) 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D) Florida 1: vacant 3: vacant Georgia 2: vacant 3: vacant Illinois 3: Lyman Trumbull (R) 2: William A. Richardson (D) Indiana 3: Henry S. Lane (R) 1: Thomas A. Hendricks (D) Iowa 3: James Harlan (R) 2: James W. Grimes (R) Kansas 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) 2: James H. Lane (R) Kentucky 2: Lazarus W. Powell (D) 3: Garrett Davis (U)

Louisiana 2: vacant 3: vacant Maine 2: William Pitt Fessenden (R) Nathan A. Farwell (R) 1: Lot M. Morrill (R) Maryland 3: Thomas H. Hicks (UU) 1: Reverdy Johnson (U) Massachusetts 1: Charles Sumner (R) 2: Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1: Zachariah Chandler (R) 2: Jacob M. Howard (R) Minnesota 2: Morton S. Wilkinson (R) 1: Alexander Ramsey (R) Mississippi 1: vacant 2: vacant Missouri 1: John B. Henderson (UU) 3: Robert Wilson (UU) B. Gratz Brown (UU) Nevada 1: William M. Stewart (R) 3: James W. Nye (R) New Hampshire 2: John P. Hale (R) 3: Daniel Clark (R) New Jersey 2: John C. Ten Eyck (R) 1: William Wright (D) New York 3: Ira Harris (R) 1: Edwin D. Morgan (R)

North Carolina 2: vacant 3: vacant Ohio 1: Benjamin F. Wade (R) 3: John Sherman (R) Oregon 3: James W. Nesmith (D) 2: Benjamin F. Harding (D) Pennsylvania 3: Edgar Cowan (R) 1: Charles R. Buckalew (D) Rhode Island 2: Henry B. Anthony (R) 1: William Sprague (R) South Carolina 2: vacant 3: vacant Tennessee 1: vacant 2: vacant Texas 1: vacant 2: vacant Vermont 1: Solomon Foot (R) 3: Jacob Collamer (R) Virginia 2: John S. Carlile (U) 1: Lemuel J. Bowden (U) West Virginia 1: Peter G. Van Winkle (UU) 2: Waitman T. Willey (UU) Wisconsin 1: James R. Doolittle (R) 3: Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama All seats vacant Arkansas All seats vacant California A/L. Cornelius Cole (R) A/L. William Higby (R) A/L. Thomas B. Shannon (R) Connecticut 1. Henry C. Deming (R) 2: James E. English (D) 3: Augustus Brandegee (R) 4: John H. Hubbard (R) Delaware A/L. William Temple (D) Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU) Florida All seats vacant Georgia All seats vacant Illinois 1. Isaac N. Arnold (R) 2: John F. Farnsworth (R) 3: Elihu B. Washburne (R) 4: Charles M. Harris (D) 5: Owen Lovejoy (R) Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) 6: Jesse O. Norton (R) 7: John R. Eden (D) 8: John T. Stuart (D) 9: Lewis W. Ross (D) 10: Anthony L. Knapp (D) 11: James C. Robinson (D) 12: William R. Morrison (D) 13: William J. Allen (D) A/L. James C. Allen (D) Indiana 1. John Law (D) 2: James A. Cravens (D) 3: Henry W. Harrington (D) 4: William S. Holman (D) 5: George W. Julian (R) 6: Ebenezer Dumont (R) 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (D) 8: Godlove S. Orth (R) 9: Schuyler Colfax (R) 10: Joseph K. Edgerton (D) 11: James F. McDowell(D) Iowa 1. James F. Wilson (R) 2: Hiram Price (R) 3: William B. Allison (R) 4: Josiah B. Grinnell (R) 5: John A. Kasson (R) 6: Asahel W. Hubbard (R) Kansas A/L. A. Carter Wilder (R) Kentucky 1. Lucien Anderson (UU) 2: George H. Yeaman (U) 3: Henry Grider (U) 4: Aaron Harding (U) 5: Robert Mallory (U) 6: Green C. Smith (UU) 7: Brutus J. Clay (U) 8: William H. Randall (UU) 9: William H. Wadsworth (U) Louisiana All seats vacant Maine 1. Lorenzo D.M. Sweat (D) 2: Sidney Perham (R) 3: James G. Blaine (R) 4: John H. Rice (R) 5: Frederick A. Pike (R) Maryland 1. John A. J. Creswell (UU) 2: Edwin H. Webster (UU) 3: Henry Winter Davis (UU) 4: Francis Thomas (UU) 5: Benjamin G. Harris (D)

Massachusetts 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R) 2: Oakes Ames (R) 3: Alexander H. Rice (R) 4: Samuel Hooper (R) 5: John B. Alley (R) 6: Daniel W. Gooch (R) 7: George S. Boutwell (R) 8: John D. Baldwin (R) 9: William B. Washburn (R) 10: Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 1. Fernando C. Beaman (R) 2: Charles Upson (R) 3: John W. Longyear (R) 4: Francis W. Kellogg (R) 5: Augustus C. Baldwin (D) 6: John F. Driggs (R) Minnesota 1. William Windom (R) 2: Ignatius L. Donnelly (R) Mississippi All seats vacant Missouri 1. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (UU) Samuel Knox (UU) 2: Henry T. Blow (UU) 3: John W. Noell (UU) John G. Scott (D) 4: Sempronius H. Boyd (UU) 5: Joseph W. McClurg (UU) 6: Austin A. King (U) 7: Benjamin F. Loan (UU) 8: William A. Hall (U) 9: James S. Rollins (U) Nevada A/L. Henry G. Worthington (R) New Hampshire 1. Daniel Marcy (D) 2: Edward H. Rollins (R) 3: James W. Patterson (R) New Jersey 1. John F. Starr (R) 2: George Middleton (D) 3: William G. Steele (D) 4: Andrew J. Rogers (D) 5: Nehemiah Perry (D) New York 1. Henry G. Stebbins (D) Dwight Townsend (D) 2: Martin Kalbfleisch (D) 3: Moses F. Odell (D) 4: Benjamin Wood (D) 5: Fernando Wood (D) 6: Elijah Ward (D) 7: John W. Chanler (D) 8: James Brooks (D) 9: Anson Herrick (D) 10: William Radford (D) 11: Charles H. Winfield (D) 12: Homer A. Nelson (D) 13: John B. Steele (D) 14: Erastus Corning (D) John V. L. Pruyn (D) 15: John A. Griswold (D) 16: Orlando Kellogg (R) 17: Calvin T. Hulburd (R) 18: James M. Marvin (R) 19: Samuel F. Miller (R) 20: Ambrose W. Clark (R) 21: Francis Kernan (D) 22: DeWitt C. Littlejohn (R) 23: Thomas T. Davis (R) 24: Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) 25: Daniel Morris (R) 26: Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) 27: Robert B. Van Valkenburg (R) 28: Freeman Clarke (R) 29: Augustus Frank (R) 30: John Ganson (D) 31: Reuben E. Fenton (R)

North Carolina All seats vacant Ohio 1. George H. Pendleton (D) 2: Alexander Long (D) 3: Robert C. Schenck (R) 4: John F. McKinney (D) 5: Francis C. Le Blond (D) 6: Chilton A. White (D) 7: Samuel S. Cox (D) 8: William Johnston (D) 9: Warren P. Noble (D) 10: James M. Ashley (R) 11: Wells A. Hutchins (D) 12: William E. Finck (D) 13: John O'Neill (D) 14: George Bliss (D) 15: James R. Morris (D) 16: Joseph W. White (D) 17: Ephraim R. Eckley (R) 18: Rufus P. Spalding (R) 19: James A. Garfield (R) Oregon A/L. John R. McBride (R) Pennsylvania 1. Samuel J. Randall (D) 2: Charles O'Neill (R) 3: Leonard Myers (R) 4: William D. Kelley (R) 5: M. Russell Thayer (R) 6: John D. Stiles (D) 7: John M. Broomall (R) 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (D) 9: Thaddeus Stevens (R) 10: Myer Strouse (D) 11: Philip Johnson (D) 12: Charles Denison (D) 13: Henry W. Tracy (IR) 14: William H. Miller (D) 15: Joseph Bailey (D) 16: Alexander H. Coffroth (D) 17: Archibald McAllister (D) 18: James T. Hale (IR) 19: Glenni W. Scofield (R) 20: Amos Myers (R) 21: John L. Dawson (D) 22: James K. Moorhead (R) 23: Thomas Williams (R) 24: Jesse Lazear (D) Rhode Island 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (R) 2: Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R) South Carolina All seats vacant Tennessee All seats vacant Texas All seats vacant Vermont 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) 2: Justin S. Morrill (R) 3: Portus Baxter (R) Virginia All seats vacant West Virginia 1. Jacob B. Blair (UU) 2: William G. Brown, Sr. (UU) 3: Kellian V. Whaley (UU) Wisconsin 1. James S. Brown (D) 2: Ithamar C. Sloan (R) 3: Amasa Cobb (R) 4: Charles A. Eldredge (D) 5: Ezra Wheeler (D) 6: Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Delegates

Arizona Territory A/L: Charles D. Poston (R) Colorado Territory A/L: Hiram P. Bennet (R) Dakota Territory A/L: William Jayne (I) John B. S. Todd (D) Idaho Territory A/L: William H. Wallace (R)

Montana Territory A/L: Samuel McLean (D) Nebraska Territory A/L: Samuel G. Daily (R) Nevada Territory A/L: Gordon N. Mott (R)

New Mexico Territory A/L: Francisco Perea (R) Utah Territory A/L: John F. Kinney (D) Washington Territory A/L: George E. Cole (D)

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• all seats vacant

Arkansas

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• all seats vacant

California

Senate

• 3: James A. McDougall (1817-1867), Democratic
• 1: John Conness (1821-1909), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• A/L: Cornelius Cole (1822-1924), Republican
• A/L: William Higby (1813-1887), Republican
• A/L: Thomas B. Shannon (1827-1897), Republican

Connecticut

Senate

• 3: La Fayette S. Foster (1806-1880), Republican
• 1: James Dixon (1814-1873), Republican

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• 1: Henry C. Deming (1815-1872), Republican
• 2: James E. English (1812-1890), Democratic
• 3: Augustus Brandegee (1828-1904), Republican
• 4: John H. Hubbard (1804-1872), Republican

Delaware

Senate

• 1: James A. Bayard, Jr. (1799-1880), Democratic ...resigned January 29, 1864.

  George Read Riddle (1817-1867), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, January 29, 1864.

• 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (1820-1892), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: William Temple (1814-1863), Democratic ...died May 28, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  Nathaniel B. Smithers (1818-1896), Unconditional Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

Florida

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• all seats vacant

Georgia

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• all seats vacant

Illinois

Senate

• 3: Lyman Trumbull (1813-1896), Republican
• 2: William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Democratic

House of Representatives (14 seats)

• 1: Isaac N. Arnold (1815-1884), Republican
• 2: John F. Farnsworth (1820-1897), Republican
• 3: Elihu B. Washburne (1816-1887), Republican
• 4: Charles M. Harris (1821-1896), Democratic
• 5: Owen Lovejoy (1811-1864), Republican ...died March 25, 1864.

  Ebon C. Ingersoll (1831-1879), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated May 20, 1864.

• 6: Jesse O. Norton (1812-1875), Republican
• 7: John R. Eden (1826-1909), Democratic
• 8: John T. Stuart (1807-1885), Democratic
• 9: Lewis W. Ross (1812-1895), Democratic
• 10: Anthony L. Knapp (1828-1881), Democratic
• 11: James C. Robinson (1823-1886), Democratic
• 12: William R. Morrison (1824-1909), Democratic
• 13: William J. Allen (1829-1901), Democratic
• A/L: James C. Allen (1822-1912), Democratic

Indiana

Senate

• 3: Henry S. Lane (1811-1881), Republican
• 1: Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885), Democratic

House of Representatives (11 seats)

• 1: John Law (1796-1873), Democratic
• 2: James A. Cravens (1818-1893), Democratic
• 3: Henry W. Harrington (1825-1882), Democratic
• 4: William S. Holman (1822-1897), Democratic
• 5: George W. Julian (1817-1899), Republican
• 6: Ebenezer Dumont (1814-1871), Republican
• 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (1827-1897), Democratic
• 8: Godlove S. Orth (1817-1882), Republican
• 9: Schuyler Colfax (1823-1885), Republican
• 10: Joseph K. Edgerton (1818-1893), Democratic
• 11: James F. McDowell (1825-1887), Democratic

Iowa

Senate

• 3: James Harlan (1820-1899), Republican
• 2: James W. Grimes (1816-1872), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: James F. Wilson (1828-1895), Republican
• 2: Hiram Price (1814-1901), Republican
• 3: William B. Allison (1829-1908), Republican
• 4: Josiah B. Grinnell (1821-1891), Republican
• 5: John A. Kasson (1822-1910), Republican
• 6: Asahel W. Hubbard (1819-1879), Republican

Kansas

Senate

• 2: James H. Lane (1814-1866), Republican
• 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (1816-1891), Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: A. Carter Wilder (1828-1875), Republican

Kentucky

Senate

• 2: Lazarus W. Powell (1812-1867), Democratic
• 3: Garrett Davis (1801-1872), Unionist

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Lucien Anderson (1824-1898), Unconditional Unionist
• 2: George H. Yeaman (1829-1908), Unionist
• 3: Henry Grider (1796-1866), Unionist
• 4: Aaron Harding (1805-1875), Unionist
• 5: Robert Mallory (1815-1885), Unionist
• 6: Green C. Smith (1826-1895), Unconditional Unionist
• 7: Brutus J. Clay (1808-1878), Unionist
• 8: William H. Randall (1812-1881), Unconditional Unionist
• 9: William H. Wadsworth (1821-1893), Unionist

Louisiana

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• all seats vacant

Maine

Senate

• 2: William Pitt Fessenden (1806-1869), Republican ...resigned July 1, 1864.

  Nathan A. Farwell (1812-1893), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, October 27, 1864, subsequently elected

• 1: Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: Lorenzo D.M. Sweat (1818-1898), Democratic
• 2: Sidney Perham (1819-1907), Republican
• 3: James G. Blaine (1830-1893), Republican
• 4: John H. Rice (1816-1911), Republican
• 5: Frederick A. Pike (1816-1886), Republican

Maryland

Senate

• 3: Thomas H. Hicks (1798-1865), Unconditional Unionist ...died February 14, 1865.
• 1: Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), Unionist

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: John A. J. Creswell (1828-1891), Unconditional Unionist
• 2: Edwin H. Webster (1829-1893), Unconditional Unionist
• 3: Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865), Unconditional Unionist
• 4: Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Unconditional Unionist
• 5: Benjamin G. Harris (1805-1895), Democratic

Massachusetts

Senate

• 1: Charles Sumner (1811-1874), Republican
• 2: Henry Wilson (1812-1875), Republican

House of Representatives (10 seats)

• 1: Thomas D. Eliot (1808-1870), Republican
• 2: Oakes Ames (1804-1873), Republican
• 3: Alexander H. Rice (1818-1895), Republican
• 4: Samuel Hooper (1808-1875), Republican
• 5: John B. Alley (1817-1896), Republican
• 6: Daniel W. Gooch (1820-1891), Republican
• 7: George S. Boutwell (1818-1905), Republican
• 8: John D. Baldwin (1809-1883), Republican
• 9: William B. Washburn (1820-1887), Republican
• 10: Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), Republican

Michigan

Senate

• 1: Zachariah Chandler (1813-1879), Republican
• 2: Jacob M. Howard (1805-1871), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: Fernando C. Beaman (1814-1882), Republican
• 2: Charles Upson (1821-1885), Republican
• 3: John W. Longyear (1820-1875), Republican
• 4: Francis W. Kellogg (1810-1879), Republican
• 5: Augustus C. Baldwin (1817-1903), Democratic
• 6: John F. Driggs (1813-1877), Republican

Minnesota

Senate

• 2: Morton S. Wilkinson (1819-1894), Republican
• 1: Alexander Ramsey (1815-1903), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: William Windom (1827-1891), Republican
• 2: Ignatius L. Donnelly (1831-1901), Republican

Mississippi

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• all seats vacant

Missouri

Senate

• 1: John B. Henderson (1826-1913), Unconditional Unionist
• 3: Robert Wilson (1803-1870), Unconditional Unionist …appointed to fill vacancy, served until November 13, 1863.

  B. Gratz Brown (1826-1885), Unconditional Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, November 13, 1863.

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Francis P. Blair, Jr. (1821-1875), Unconditional Unionist ...contested election, served until June 10, 1864.

  Samuel Knox (1815-1905), Unconditional Unionist ...contested election, seated June 15, 1864.

• 2: Henry T. Blow (1817-1875), Unconditional Unionist
• 3: John W. Noell (1816-1863), Unconditional Unionist ...died March 14, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  John G. Scott (1819-1892), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

• 4: Sempronius H. Boyd (1828-1894), Unconditional Unionist
• 5: Joseph W. McClurg (1818-1900), Unconditional Unionist
• 6: Austin A. King (1802-1870), Unionist
• 7: Benjamin F. Loan (1819-1881), Unconditional Unionist
• 8: William A. Hall (1815-1888), Unionist
• 9: James S. Rollins (1812-1888), Unionist

Nevada

Senate

• 1: William M. Stewart (1827-1909), Republican ...newly admitted state, elected December 15, 1864.
• 3: James W. Nye (1815-1876), Republican ...newly admitted state, elected December 16, 1864.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Henry G. Worthington (1828-1909), Republican ...new state, seated December 21, 1864.

New Hampshire

Senate

• 2: John P. Hale (1806-1873), Republican
• 3: Daniel Clark (1809-1891), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Daniel Marcy (1809-1893), Democratic
• 2: Edward H. Rollins (1824-1889), Republican
• 3: James W. Patterson (1823-1893), Republican

New Jersey

Senate

• 2: John C. Ten Eyck (1814-1879), Republican
• 1: William Wright (1794-1866), Democratic

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: John F. Starr (1818-1904), Republican
• 2: George Middleton (1800-1888), Democratic
• 3: William G. Steele (1820-1892), Democratic
• 4: Andrew J. Rogers (1828-1900), Democratic
• 5: Nehemiah Perry (1816-1881), Democratic

New York

Senate

• 3: Ira Harris (1802-1875), Republican
• 1: Edwin D. Morgan (1811-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (31 seats)

• 1: Henry G. Stebbins (1811-1881), Democratic ...resigned October 24, 1864.

  Dwight Townsend (1826-1899), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1864.

• 2: Martin Kalbfleisch (1804-1873), Democratic
• 3: Moses F. Odell (1818-1866), Democratic
• 4: Benjamin Wood (1820-1900), Democratic
• 5: Fernando Wood (1812-1881), Democratic
• 6: Elijah Ward (1816-1882), Democratic
• 7: John W. Chanler (1826-1877), Democratic
• 8: James Brooks (1810-1873), Democratic
• 9: Anson Herrick (1812-1868), Democratic
• 10: William Radford (1814-1870), Democratic
• 11: Charles H. Winfield (1822-1888), Democratic
• 12: Homer A. Nelson (1829-1891), Democratic
• 13: John B. Steele (1814-1866), Democratic
• 14: Erastus Corning (1794-1872), Democratic ...resigned October 5, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  John V. L. Pruyn (1811-1877), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

• 15: John A. Griswold (1822-1872), Democratic
• 16: Orlando Kellogg (1809-1865), Republican
• 17: Calvin T. Hulburd (1809-1897), Republican
• 18: James M. Marvin (1809-1901), Republican
• 19: Samuel F. Miller (1827-1892), Republican
• 20: Ambrose W. Clark (1810-1887), Republican
• 21: Francis Kernan (1816-1892), Democratic
• 22: DeWitt C. Littlejohn (1818-1892), Republican
• 23: Thomas T. Davis (1810-1872), Republican
• 24: Theodore M. Pomeroy (1824-1905), Republican
• 25: Daniel Morris (1812-1889), Republican
• 26: Giles W. Hotchkiss (1815-1878), Republican
• 27: Robert B. Van Valkenburg (1821-1888), Republican
• 28: Freeman Clarke (1809-1887), Republican
• 29: Augustus Frank (1826-1895), Republican
• 30: John Ganson (1818-1874), Democratic
• 31: Reuben E. Fenton (1819-1885), Republican ...resigned December 20, 1864.

North Carolina

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (7seats)

• all seats vacant

Ohio

Senate

• 1: Benjamin F. Wade (1800-1878), Republican
• 3: John Sherman (1823-1900), Republican

House of Representatives (19 seats)

• 1: George H. Pendleton (1825-1889), Democratic
• 2: Alexander Long (1816-1886), Democratic
• 3: Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), Republican
• 4: John F. McKinney (1827-1903), Democratic
• 5: Francis C. Le Blond (1821-1902), Democratic
• 6: Chilton A. White (1826-1900), Democratic
• 7: Samuel S. Cox (1824-1889), Democratic
• 8: William Johnston (1819-1866), Democratic
• 9: Warren P. Noble (1820-1903), Democratic
• 10: James M. Ashley (1824-1896), Republican
• 11: Wells A. Hutchins (1818-1895), Democratic
• 12: William E. Finck (1822-1901), Democratic
• 13: John O'Neill (1822-1905), Democratic
• 14: George Bliss (1813-1868), Democratic
• 15: James R. Morris (1819-1899), Democratic
• 16: Joseph W. White (1822-1892), Democratic
• 17: Ephraim R. Eckley (1811-1908), Republican
• 18: Rufus P. Spalding (1798-1886), Republican
• 19: James A. Garfield (1831-1881), Republican

Oregon

Senate

• 3: James W. Nesmith (1820-1885), Democratic
• 2: Benjamin F. Harding (1823-1899), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: John R. McBride (1832-1904), Republican

Pennsylvania

Senate

• 3: Edgar Cowan (1815-1885), Republican
• 1: Charles R. Buckalew (1821-1899), Democratic

House of Representatives (24 seats)

• 1: Samuel J. Randall (1828-1890), Democratic
• 2: Charles O'Neill (1821-1893), Republican
• 3: Leonard Myers (1827-1905), Republican
• 4: William D. Kelley (1814-1890), Republican
• 5: M. Russell Thayer (1819-1906), Republican
• 6: John D. Stiles (1822-1896), Democratic
• 7: John M. Broomall (1816-1894), Republican
• 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (1824-1913), Democratic
• 9: Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Republican
• 10: Myer Strouse (1825-1878), Democratic
• 11: Philip Johnson (1818-1867), Democratic
• 12: Charles Denison (1818-1867), Democratic
• 13: Henry W. Tracy (1807-1886), IRepublican
• 14: William H. Miller (1829-1870), Democratic
• 15: Joseph Bailey (1810-1885), Democratic
• 16: Alexander H. Coffroth (1828-1906), Democratic
• 17: Archibald McAllister (1813-1883), Democratic
• 18: James T. Hale (1810-1865), Independent Republican
• 19: Glenni W. Scofield (1817-1891), Republican
• 20: Amos Myers (1824-1893), Republican
• 21: John L. Dawson (1813-1870), Democratic
• 22: James K. Moorhead (1806-1884), Republican
• 23: Thomas Williams (1806-1872), Republican
• 24: Jesse Lazear (1804-1877), Democratic

Rhode Island

Senate

• 2: Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), Republican
• 1: William Sprague (1830-1915), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: Thomas A. Jenckes (1818-1875), Republican
• 2: Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (1812-1881), Republican

South Carolina

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• all seats vacant

Tennessee

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• all seats vacant

Texas

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• all seats vacant

Vermont

Senate

• 1: Solomon Foot (1802-1866), Republican
• 3: Jacob Collamer (1791-1865), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Frederick E. Woodbridge (1818-1888), Republican
• 2: Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), Republican
• 3: Portus Baxter (1806-1868), Republican

Virginia

Senate

• 2: John S. Carlile (1817-1878), Unionist
• 1: Lemuel J. Bowden (1815-1864), Unionist

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• all seats vacant

West Virginia

Senate

• 1: Peter G. Van Winkle (1808-1872), Unconditional Unionist ...newly admitted state, elected August 4, 1863.
• 2: Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), Unconditional Unionist ...newly admitted state, elected August 4, 1863.

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Jacob B. Blair (1821-1901), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
• 2: William G. Brown, Sr. (1800-1884), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
• 3: Kellian V. Whaley (1821-1876), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.

Wisconsin

Senate

• 1: James R. Doolittle (1815-1897), Republican
• 3: Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: James S. Brown (1824-1878), Democratic
• 2: Ithamar C. Sloan (1822-1898), Republican
• 3: Amasa Cobb (1823-1905), Republican
• 4: Charles A. Eldredge (1820-1896), Democratic
• 5: Ezra Wheeler (1820-1871), Democratic
• 6: Walter D. McIndoe (1819-1872), Republican

Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L: Charles D. Poston (1825-1902), Republican ...new territory, seated December 5, 1864.

Colorado Territory

• A/L: Hiram P. Bennet (1826-1914), Republican

Dakota Territory

• A/L: William Jayne (1826-1916), Independent ...contested election, served until June 17, 1864.

  John B. S. Todd (1814-1872), Democratic ...contested election, seated June 17, 1864.

Idaho Territory

• A/L: William H. Wallace (1811-1879), Republican ...new territory, seated February 1, 1864.

Montana Territory

• A/L: Samuel McLean (1826-1877), Democratic ...new territory, seated January 6, 1865.

Nebraska Territory

• A/L: Samuel G. Daily (1823-1866), Republican

Nevada Territory

• A/L: Gordon N. Mott (1812-1887), Republican ...admitted to the union as a state, October 31, 1864.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L: Francisco Perea (1830-1913), Republican

Utah Territory

• A/L: John F. Kinney (1816-1902), Democratic

Washington Territory

• A/L: George E. Cole (1826-1906), Democratic

Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic

A-F James A. Bayard, Jr., Delaware Charles R. Buckalew, Pennsylvania

G-O Benjamin F. Harding, Oregon Thomas A. Hendricks, Indiana James A. McDougall, California (U.S. state) James W. Nesmith, Oregon

P-Z Lazarus W. Powell, Kentucky William A. Richardson, Illinois (U.S. state) George Read Riddle, Delaware Willard Saulsbury, Sr., Delaware William Wright, New Jersey

Republican

A-F Henry B. Anthony, Rhode Island Zachariah Chandler, Michigan Daniel Clark, New Hampshire Jacob Collamer, Vermont John Conness, California (U.S. state) Edgar Cowan, Pennsylvania James Dixon, Connecticut James R. Doolittle, Wisconsin Nathan A. Farwell, Maine William Pitt Fessenden, Maine Solomon Foot, Vermont La Fayette S. Foster, Connecticut

G-O James W. Grimes, Iowa John P. Hale, New Hampshire James Harlan, Iowa Ira Harris, New York Jacob M. Howard, Michigan Timothy O. Howe, Wisconsin Henry S. Lane, Indiana James H. Lane, Kansas Edwin D. Morgan, New York Lot M. Morrill, Maine James W. Nye, Nevada .

P-Z Samuel C. Pomeroy, Kansas Alexander Ramsey, Minnesota John Sherman, Ohio William Sprague, Rhode Island William M. Stewart, Nevada Charles Sumner, Massachusetts John C. Ten Eyck, New Jersey Lyman Trumbull, Illinois (U.S. state) Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio Morton S. Wilkinson, Minnesota Henry Wilson, Massachusetts

Unconditional Unionist

A-O B. Gratz Brown, Missouri John B. Henderson, Missouri Thomas H. Hicks, Maryland

O-Z Peter G. Van Winkle, West Virginia Waitman T. Willey, West Virginia Robert Wilson, Missouri

Unionist

Lemuel J. Bowden, Virginia John S. Carlile, Virginia Garrett Davis, Kentucky Reverdy Johnson, Maryland

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C James C. Allen, Illinois (U.S. state) William J. Allen, Illinois (U.S. state) Sydenham E. Ancona, Pennsylvania Joseph Bailey, Pennsylvania Augustus C. Baldwin, Michigan George Bliss, Ohio James Brooks, New York James S. Brown, Wisconsin John W. Chanler, New York Alexander H. Coffroth, Pennsylvania Erastus Corning, New York Samuel S. Cox, Ohio James A. Cravens, Indiana D-E-F John L. Dawson, Pennsylvania Charles Denison, Pennsylvania John R. Eden, Illinois (U.S. state) Joseph K. Edgerton, Indiana Charles A. Eldredge, Wisconsin James E. English, Connecticut William E. Finck, Ohio

G-H-I John Ganson, New York John A. Griswold, New York Henry W. Harrington, Indiana Benjamin G. Harris, Maryland Charles M. Harris, Illinois (U.S. state) Anson Herrick, New York William S. Holman, Indiana Wells A. Hutchins, Ohio Philip Johnson, Pennsylvania William Johnston, Ohio Martin Kalbfleisch, New York Francis Kernan, New York Anthony L. Knapp, Illinois (U.S. state) John Law, Indiana Jesse Lazear, Pennsylvania Francis C. Le Blond, Ohio Alexander Long, Ohio M-N-O Daniel Marcy, New Hampshire Archibald McAllister, Pennsylvania James F. McDowell, Indiana John F. McKinney, Ohio George Middleton, New Jersey William H. Miller, Pennsylvania James R. Morris, Ohio William R. Morrison, Illinois (U.S. state) Homer A. Nelson, New York Warren P. Noble, Ohio Moses F. Odell, New York John O'Neill, Ohio

P-Q-R George H. Pendleton, Ohio Nehemiah Perry, New Jersey John V. L. Pruyn, New York William Radford, New York Samuel J. Randall, Pennsylvania James C. Robinson, Illinois (U.S. state) Andrew J. Rogers, New Jersey Lewis W. Ross, Illinois (U.S. state) S-T-U-V John G. Scott, Missouri Henry G. Stebbins, New York John B. Steele, New York William G. Steele, New Jersey John D. Stiles, Pennsylvania Myer Strouse, Pennsylvania John T. Stuart, Illinois (U.S. state) Lorenzo D.M. Sweat, Maine William Temple, Delaware Dwight Townsend, New York Daniel W. Voorhees, Indiana W-X-Y-Z Elijah Ward, New York Ezra Wheeler, Wisconsin Chilton A. White, Ohio Joseph W. White, Ohio Charles H. Winfield, New York Benjamin Wood, New York Fernando Wood, New York

Republican

A-B-C John B. Alley, Massachusetts William B. Allison, Iowa Oakes Ames, Massachusetts Isaac N. Arnold, Illinois (U.S. state) James M. Ashley, Ohio John D. Baldwin, Massachusetts Portus Baxter, Vermont Fernando C. Beaman, Michigan James G. Blaine, Maine George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts Augustus Brandegee, Connecticut John M. Broomall, Pennsylvania Ambrose W. Clark, New York Freeman Clarke, New York Amasa Cobb, Wisconsin Cornelius Cole, California (U.S. state) Schuyler Colfax, Indiana D-E-F Thomas T. Davis, New York Henry L. Dawes, Massachusetts Henry C. Deming, Connecticut Nathan F. Dixon, Jr., Rhode Island Ignatius L. Donnelly, Minnesota John F. Driggs, Michigan Ebenezer Dumont, Indiana Ephraim R. Eckley, Ohio Thomas D. Eliot, Massachusetts John F. Farnsworth, Illinois (U.S. state) Reuben E. Fenton, New York Augustus Frank, New York

G-H-I James A. Garfield, Ohio Daniel W. Gooch, Massachusetts Josiah B. Grinnell, Iowa William Higby, California (U.S. state) Samuel Hooper, Massachusetts Giles W. Hotchkiss, New York Asahel W. Hubbard, Iowa John H. Hubbard, Connecticut Calvin T. Hulburd, New York Ebon C. Ingersoll, Illinois (U.S. state) Thomas A. Jenckes, Rhode Island George W. Julian, Indiana John A. Kasson, Iowa William D. Kelley, Pennsylvania Francis W. Kellogg, Michigan Orlando Kellogg, New York DeWitt C. Littlejohn, New York John W. Longyear, Michigan Owen Lovejoy, Illinois (U.S. state) M-N-O James M. Marvin, New York John R. McBride, Oregon Walter D. McIndoe, Wisconsin Samuel F. Miller, New York James K. Moorhead, Pennsylvania Justin S. Morrill, Vermont Daniel Morris, New York Amos Myers, Pennsylvania Leonard Myers, Pennsylvania Jesse O. Norton, Illinois (U.S. state) Charles O'Neill, Pennsylvania Godlove S. Orth, Indiana

P-Q-R James W. Patterson, New Hampshire Sidney Perham, Maine Frederick A. Pike, Maine Theodore M. Pomeroy, New York Hiram Price, Iowa Alexander H. Rice, Massachusetts John H. Rice, Maine Edward H. Rollins, New Hampshire S-T-U-V Robert C. Schenck, Ohio Glenni W. Scofield, Pennsylvania Thomas B. Shannon, California (U.S. state) Ithamar C. Sloan, Wisconsin Rufus P. Spalding, Ohio John F. Starr, New Jersey Thaddeus Stevens, Pennsylvania M. Russell Thayer, Pennsylvania Charles Upson, Michigan Robert B. Van Valkenburg, New York W-X-Y-Z William B. Washburn, Massachusetts Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois (U.S. state) A. Carter Wilder, Kansas Thomas Williams, Pennsylvania James F. Wilson, Iowa William Windom, Minnesota Frederick E. Woodbridge, Vermont Henry G. Worthington, Nevada

Independent Republican

Henry W. Tracy, Pennsylvania James T. Hale, Pennsylvania

Unconditional Unionist

A-F Lucien Anderson, Kentucky Francis P. Blair, Jr., Missouri Jacob B. Blair, West Virginia Henry T. Blow, Missouri Sempronius H. Boyd, Missouri William G. Brown, Sr., West Virginia John A. J. Creswell, Maryland Henry Winter Davis, Maryland

G-O Samuel Knox, Missouri Benjamin F. Loan, Missouri Joseph W. McClurg, Missouri John W. Noell, Missouri

P-Z William H. Randall, Kentucky Green C. Smith, Kentucky Nathaniel B. Smithers, Delaware Francis Thomas, Maryland Edwin H. Webster, Maryland Kellian V. Whaley, West Virginia

Unionist

A-F Brutus J. Clay, Kentucky

G-O Henry Grider, Kentucky William A. Hall, Missouri Aaron Harding, Kentucky Austin A. King, Missouri Robert Mallory, Kentucky

P-Z James S. Rollins, Missouri William H. Wadsworth, Kentucky George H. Yeaman, Kentucky

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate replacements: 2 Democratic: no net change Republican: no net change deaths: 1 resignations: 2 interim appointments: 1 seats of newly admitted seats: 4 Total seats with changes: 4

House of Representatives replacements: 6 Democratic: no net change Republican: no net change Unconditional Unionist: no net change deaths: 3 resignations: 3 contested election: 1 seats of newly admitted seats: 4 Total seats with changes: 7

Officers

Senate Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861 Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown of Illinois (U.S. state), elected July 6, 1861 Chaplain of the Senate The Rev. Byron Sunderland, Presbyterian, elected July 10, 1861 The Rev. Thomas Bowman, Methodist, elected May 11, 1864 Other Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851

House of Representatives Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 8, 1863 Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 8, 1863 Doorkeeper of the House: Ira Goodnow of New York, elected December 8, 1863 Postmaster of the House: William S. King of Minnesota, elected December 8, 1863 Messenger to the Speaker: Thaddeus Morrice William D. Todd Chaplain of the House The Rev. William H. Channing, Unitarian, elected December 7, 1863