Peripheral arterial disease
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In medicine, peripheral arterial disease (peripheral artery disease; PAD) is a form of arterial occlusive disease. More specifically, PAD is arteriosclerosis in the arteries of the lower extremities usually from atherosclerosis.
Diagnosis
A systematic review by the Rational Clinical Examination helps guide the medical history taking and the physical examination.[1]
Physical examination
On physical examination, the ankle brachial index (ABI) can be estimated by either auscultaton[2] of palpation.
Treatment
Surgery may hasten improvement as compared to a supervised exercise program.[3]
Prognosis
The Revised Cardiac Risk Index may predict short and long term complications among patients undergoing surgery for peripheral arterial disease.[4]
References
- ↑ Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, Simel DL, Panju A (2006). "Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?". JAMA 295 (5): 536-46. DOI:10.1001/jama.295.5.536. PMID 16449619. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Carmo GA, Mandil A, Nascimento BR, Arantes BD, Bittencourt JC, Falqueto EB et al. (2009). "Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a stethoscope? A pilot study.". Fam Pract 26 (1): 22-6. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmn086. PMID 19022870. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Spronk S, Bosch JL, den Hoed PT, Veen HF, Pattynama PM, Hunink MG (February 2009). "Intermittent claudication: clinical effectiveness of endovascular revascularization versus supervised hospital-based exercise training--randomized controlled trial". Radiology 250 (2): 586–95. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2501080607. PMID 19188327. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Hoeks SE, op Reimer WJ, van Gestel YR, et al. (June 2009). "Preoperative cardiac risk index predicts long-term mortality and health status". Am. J. Med. 122 (6): 559–65. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.041. PMID 19376487. Research Blogging.