Liver function test
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In clinical medicine, liver function tests include tests for:[1]
- Surrogates for hepatic cell breakdown
- Transaminases
- alanine transaminase[2] (ALT)formerly called glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST)[3], formerly called glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
- Lactic dehydrogenase
- Transaminases
- Indicators of obstruction
- Alkaline phosphatase
- 5’-NT (5-nucleotidase)
- GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase)
- Bilirubin
- Hepatic synthetic function
- Protein
- Coagulation factors
- Tumor markers
- Special
- Copper metabolism
- Iron metabolism
- serum Iron
- total iron binding capacity (TIBC) % transferrinsaturation
- ferritin
- Serology
- HBsAg
- Anti-HBsAg
- Anti-HBcAg (immunoglobin G (IgG))
- Anti-HBcAg (immunoglobin M (IgM))
Causes of elevated test results
Increased blood levels of alanine transaminase have been associated with eating fast food twice a day while limiting exercise.[4] The intervention in the trial aimed to "double the regular caloric intake in combination with adoption of a sedentary lifestyle for four weeks."[4]
| Suggested underlying cause | |
|---|---|
| AST/ALT ratio > 1[5] | Alcoholic liver diseases |
| Alkaline phosphatase to total bilirubin ratio <4[6] AST/ALT ratio > 2.2[6] |
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's Disease) |
References
- ↑ Covin, RB (April 4, 2006), Liver and Gallbladder Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Alanine transaminase (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Aspartate aminotransferase (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kechagias S, Ernersson A, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, Lindström T, Nystrom FH (2008). "Fast food based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects". Gut. DOI:10.1136/gut.2007.131797. PMID 18276725. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Van Ness MM, Diehl AM (1989). "Is liver biopsy useful in the evaluation of patients with chronically elevated liver enzymes?". Ann Intern Med 111 (6): 473-8. PMID 2774372. [e]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Korman JD, Volenberg I, Balko J, Webster J, Schiodt FV, Squires RH et al. (2008). "Screening for Wilson disease in acute liver failure: a comparison of currently available diagnostic tests.". Hepatology 48 (4): 1167-74. DOI:10.1002/hep.22446. PMID 18798336. Research Blogging.