Opioid analgesic
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Available opioid analgesics
Current opioid analgesics are below[1] Tables of morphine equivalent daily dose and IV to PO conversion are available to help dosing.[1]
| Specific drug | Chemical class | Receptor action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naturally occurring opium alkaloids | |||
| Morphine | morphine | mu, kappa (weak) | |
| Codeine | morphine | mu (partial agonist) | Good oral absorption |
| Semi-synthetic opioids | |||
| Diacetylmorphine (heroin) | morphine | Faster blood-brain transfer than morphine but both produce the same primary active metabolite | |
| Hydrocodone and Oxycodone | morphine | mu (partial) | |
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) | morphine | mu | |
| Buprenorphine | mu, antagonist of delta and kappa | ||
| Fully synthetic opioids | |||
| Meperidine | meperidine | accumulates toxic metabolite | |
| Fentanyl | meperidine | mu | Transdermal and transmucosal absorption |
| Methadone | methadone | mu | Good oral absorption; additional applications in addiction medicine |
| LAAM | methadone | mu | Not used for analgesia; long-acting blocker of opioid addiction |
| D-Propoxyphene | propoxyphene | mu | D-propoxyphene primarily analgesic |
| L-Propoxyphene/dextromorphan | propoxyphene | mu | D-propoxylphene primarily antitussive |
| Tramadol | mu | also inhibits norepinephrine reuptake | |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 (2003) “78. Management of Cancer Pain”, Cancer medicine 6. Hamilton, Ont.: BC Decker. ISBN 1-55009-213-8.
- ↑ Masters, Susan B.; Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (2009). “Basic Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics”, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-160405-7. (Condensed from Table 31-2