Transient neurological attack
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Classification
Focal
Nonfocal
Nonfocal transient neurological attack is defined as:[1][2]
- "disturbances of vision in one or both eyes consisting of flashes, objects, distorted-view tunnel vision, or image moving on change of posture; alteration of muscle strength consisting of tiredness or heavy sensation in one or more limbs, either unilateral or bilateral; sensory symptoms alone (unilateral or bilateral) or a gradual spread of sensory symptoms; brain stem symptoms and coordination difficulties consisting of isolated disorder of swallowing or articulation, double vision, dizziness, or uncoordinated movements; and accompanying symptoms including unconsciousness, limb jerking, tingling of the limbs or lips, disorientation, and amnesia."
The most common symptoms are:[3]
- Loss in consciousness (syncope), or less commonly a decrease in consciousness
- Dizziness (not including vertigo)
- Amnesia
- Unsteadiness
Prognosis
In a cohort study of 6062 adults about 5% had a TNA over 10 years found rate of subsequent stroke was increased depending on type of transient neurological attack:[3]
- Focal attacks(Transient ischemic attacks) - risk is increased by 2.14
- Nonfocal attacks - 1.56
- Mixed attacks - 2.48
Among nonfocal symptoms, other studies have found increase rate of subsequent stroke for after symptoms of blurring or dimming of vision[4][5].
Among nonfocal symptoms, other studies have not found increase rate of subsequent stroke for after symptoms of transient global amnesia[6] or nonrotary dizziness[4].
References
- ↑ Bots ML, van der Wilk EC, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE (1997). "Transient neurological attacks in the general population. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical relevance". Stroke 28 (4): 768–73. PMID 9099194. [e]
- ↑ (1975) "A classification and outline of cerebrovascular diseases. II". Stroke 6 (5): 564–616. PMID 1179466. [e]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bos MJ, van Rijn MJ, Witteman JC, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM (2007). "Incidence and Prognosis of Transient Neurological Attacks". JAMA 298 (24): 2877–2885. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.24.2877. PMID 18159057. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Evans JG (1990). "Transient neurological dysfunction and risk of stroke in an elderly English population: the different significance of vertigo and non-rotatory dizziness". Age Ageing 19 (1): 43–9. PMID 2316424. [e]
- ↑ Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Warlow CP (1989). "Lone bilateral blindness: a transient ischaemic attack". Lancet 1 (8631): 185–8. PMID 2563098. [e]
- ↑ Pantoni L, Bertini E, Lamassa M, Pracucci G, Inzitari D (2005). "Clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis in transient global amnesia: a follow-up study". Eur. J. Neurol. 12 (5): 350–6. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00982.x. PMID 15804264. Research Blogging.