Net present value
The present value of an investment is the sum of its discounted annual cash flows. The concept can be used to value an asset by stating that present value of its future cash flows is the amount worth paying for it. Alternatively, it can be expressed as a criterion for an investment project by requiring that the net present value (NPV) of its future cash flows, allowing for those of its initial investment, should be positive. The corresponding net present expected value (NPEV) is the sum of the net present values of alternative outcomes after weighting each by its probability of occurrence. The formulae used to calculate NPV and NPEV are set out on the tutorials subpage.
Calculations of NPV or NPEV are used for investment decisions by individuals and by companies and for cost-benefit analysis of proposals involving public goods. (It is generally preferred to the alternative discounted cash flow criterion). The discount rates appropriate to those applications are discussed in the article on that subject. The subject of risk-limitation in investment decisions is discussed in the article on financial economics