Bifidobacterium bifidum: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Kelly Smith
imported>Kelly Smith
Line 1: Line 1:
{{CZ:Biol_201:_General_Microbiology/EZnotice}}
{{Taxobox
| color = green
| name = <center>''Bifidobacterium bifidum''</center>
| image =
| domain = Bacteria
| phylum = Actinobacteria
| classis = Actinobacteria
| ordo = Bifidobacteriales 
| familia = Bifidobacteriaceae
| genus = Bifidobacterium 
| species = bifidum
| binomial = <center>''Bifidobacterium bifidum''</center>
| binomial_authority = 
}}
Bifidobacterium bifidum [[bacteria]] <ref>journal citation here</ref>
'''[[Image:Bifidobacterium.jpg]]
==Description and significance==
=====Bifidobacteria are included in a subsection of bacteria known as probiotics.  Probiotics are a natural occurrence in the human body, contributing to the beneficial micro flora in the mouth, intestinal tract, as well as vagina.  Bifidobacteria help promote digestion, augment the immune system, contribute to the production of lactic and acetic acid, which help control intestinal pH, and in some cases is also associated with a lower incidence of allergies.=====
==Genome structure==
==Genome structure==
Bifidobacterium bifidum has a circular chromosome with a G-C content of approximately 55-67%.
Bifidobacterium bifidum has a circular chromosome with a G-C content of approximately 55-67%.
Line 38: Line 13:
       541 gttcccgggc cttgtacaca ccgcccgtca agtnatgaaa gtgggcagca cccgaagccg
       541 gttcccgggc cttgtacaca ccgcccgtca agtnatgaaa gtgggcagca cccgaagccg
       601 gtggcctaac cccttgtggg atggagccgt ctnaggtgag gc
       601 gtggcctaac cccttgtggg atggagccgt ctnaggtgag gc
==Cell structure and metabolism==
=====Bifidobacteria are Gram-positive, anaerobic, and nonmotile.  The characteristic rod or clubbed shape of Bifidobacterium bifidum varies from 0.5-1.3 μm x 1.5-8 μm.  They can be found single or associated in clusters and V-shaped pairs.  These bacteria are commonly found curved and in a branched confirmation. =====
==Ecology==
==Pathology==
==Application to Biotechnology==
==Current Research==
===="Effects of galactooligosaccharide and long-chain fructooligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal microbiota and immunity- a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study."====
===="Exploring the diversity of the bifidobacterial population in the human intestinal tract."====
=====While the beneficial aspects of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity and specific composition of the human intestine micro flora are less understood.  Researchers conducted this study to identify specific bifidobacterial populations found in human intestines and fecal samples.  Their protocol included plating human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples on selective media and further analyzing molecular data of selected rRNA gene sequences of individual colonies.  Their findings clearly indicated that the majority, 704 of the 900 isolated colonies, were bifidobacteria.  They further identified the six major species of bifidobacteria isolated from the intestine: B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. adolescentis, B. pseudolongum, B. breve, and B. bifidum, and two species found primarily in fecal samples, B. dentium and B. animalis subp. lactis.  Their research indicated a correlation between age and the microbiota distribution of the intestine.  A small selection of species were found exclusively in the adult human gut, while other species were found widely distributed.  The study uncovered significant variance between individuals in the composition of fecal samples and intestinal mucosal samples as well as mild variance within the same subject (intrasubject variability) in different regions of the intestine.  There were a small number of bifidobacteria that indicated the capacity to broadly colonize, which was based on the number that were able to be isolated from wide ecological distributions.=====
===="Isolation of bifidobacteria from breast milk and assessment of the bifidobacterial population by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR."====
==References==
[1]↑[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088308?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=3&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed Martin, R., Jimenez, E., Heilig, H., Fernandez, L., Marin, M.L., Zoetendal, E.G., Rodriguez, J.M. “Isolation of bifidobacteria from breast milk and assessment of the bifidobacterial population by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR”. ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. February, 2009. Vol. 75, Issue 4. p. 965-9]
[2]↑[http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/5/1426 Shadid, R., Haarman, M., Knol, J., Theis, W., Beermann, C., Rjosk-Dendorfer, D., Schendel, D., Koletzko, B., Krauss-Etschmann, S. “Effects of galactooligosaccharide and long-chain fructooligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal microbiota and immunity-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study”. ''Am J Clin Nutr''. 2009. Vol. 86. p. 1426-37]
[3]↑[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Turroni, F., Foroni, E., Pizzetti, P., Giubellini, V., Ribbera, A., Merusi, P., Cagnasso, P., Bizzarri, B., de'Angelis, G.L., Shanahan, F., van Sinderen, D., Ventura, M. “Exploring the diversity of the bifidobacterial population in the human intestinal tract”. ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. March, 2009. Vol. 75, Issue 6. p. 1534-45]

Revision as of 07:09, 22 April 2009

Genome structure

Bifidobacterium bifidum has a circular chromosome with a G-C content of approximately 55-67%. The following is the exact 642 base sequence as referenced from The National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI): 

       1 gttccacgtg ttccgtgtcg gagctaacgc gttaagcntc ccgcctgggg agtacggccg
      61 caaggctaaa actcaaagaa attgacgggg gcccgcacaa gcggcggagc atgcggatta
     121 attcgatgca acgcgaagaa ccttacctgg gcttgacatg ttcccgacga cgccagagat
     181 ggcgtttcct tcggggcggg ttcacaggtg gtgcatggtc gtcgtcagct cgtgtcgtga
     241 gatgttgggt taagtcccgc aacgagcgca accctcgccc cgtgttgcca gcacgttatg
     301 gtgggaactc acgggagacc gccggggtta actcggagga aggtggggat gacgtcagat
     361 catcatgccc cttacgtcca gggcttcacg catgctacaa tggccggtac agcgggatgc
     421 gacatggcga catggagcgg atccctgaaa accggtctca gttcggatcg gagcctgcaa
     481 cccggctccg tgaaggcgga gtcgctagta atcgcggatc agcaacgccg cggtgaatgc
     541 gttcccgggc cttgtacaca ccgcccgtca agtnatgaaa gtgggcagca cccgaagccg
     601 gtggcctaac cccttgtggg atggagccgt ctnaggtgag gc
Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bifidobacterium_bifidum&oldid=590502"