Aminoglycoside: Difference between revisions
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imported>Robert Badgett (Organized and added dosage nomogram.) |
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'''Aminoglycosides''' are a broad-spectrum class of [[antibiotic]]s mostly produced by [[fungi]] that are the standard treatment for serious infections caused by Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. They contain an amino sugar and amino- or guanido-substituted [[inositol]] rings attached to [[hexose]] by a [[glycosidic bond]]. The most commonly used aminoglycosides include [[streptomycin]], [[gentamicin]], [[neomicin]], [[netilmicin]], [[amikacin]], [[kanamycin]], [[framycetin]] and [[tobramycin]]. | '''Aminoglycosides''' are a broad-spectrum class of [[antibiotic]]s mostly produced by [[fungi]] that are the standard treatment for serious infections caused by Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. They contain an amino sugar and amino- or guanido-substituted [[inositol]] rings attached to [[hexose]] by a [[glycosidic bond]]. The most commonly used aminoglycosides include [[streptomycin]], [[gentamicin]], [[neomicin]], [[netilmicin]], [[amikacin]], [[kanamycin]], [[framycetin]] and [[tobramycin]]. Their activity is based on their irreversible binding to the [[16S rRNA]] of the [[30S]] ribosomal subunit. | ||
==Spectrum of activity== | |||
Although they can be used to treat Gram-postive bacteria, other treatments are favored. They are generally not effective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and [[ virus]]es. | |||
==Drug toxicity== | |||
[[Nephrotoxicity]] and [[ototoxicity]] are associated with their use. | |||
==Dosage== | |||
The [http://www.rxkinetics.com/glossary/sarrubi.html Sarrubi and Hull nomogram] can help guide dosing.<ref name="pmid942138">{{cite journal| author=Hull JH, Sarubbi FA| title=Gentamicin serum concentrations: pharmacokinetic predictions. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1976 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 183-9 | pmid=942138 | |||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=942138 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
Revision as of 22:03, 12 October 2009
Aminoglycosides are a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics mostly produced by fungi that are the standard treatment for serious infections caused by Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. They contain an amino sugar and amino- or guanido-substituted inositol rings attached to hexose by a glycosidic bond. The most commonly used aminoglycosides include streptomycin, gentamicin, neomicin, netilmicin, amikacin, kanamycin, framycetin and tobramycin. Their activity is based on their irreversible binding to the 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Spectrum of activity
Although they can be used to treat Gram-postive bacteria, other treatments are favored. They are generally not effective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Drug toxicity
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are associated with their use.
Dosage
The Sarrubi and Hull nomogram can help guide dosing.[1]
References
- ↑ Hull JH, Sarubbi FA (1976). "Gentamicin serum concentrations: pharmacokinetic predictions.". Ann Intern Med 85 (2): 183-9. PMID 942138.