Altruism: Difference between revisions
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'''Altruism''' is the characteristic of benefitting others without the expectation of reward. | '''Altruism''' is the characteristic of benefitting others without the expectation of reward. | ||
In [[biology]], altruism is defined as a [[behavior]] that lowers the [[direct fitness]] of the donor while raising the direct fitness of the recipient. <ref> Alcock, John. 2005. Animal Behavior. Sinauer Associates. ISBN-10:0878930051</ref> | In [[biology]], altruism is defined as a [[behavior]] that lowers the [[direct fitness]] of the donor while raising the direct fitness of the recipient. <ref> Alcock, John. 2005. Animal Behavior. Sinauer Associates. ISBN-10:0878930051</ref> Since, as [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] stated, "nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of [[evolution]]",<ref name="Dobzhansky1973">{{cite journal |author=Dobzhansky T |title=Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution | journal=Am Biol Teach |issue=35 |pages=125-9 |year=1973 |url=http://www.godslasteraar.org/assets/ebooks/Dobzhansky_Nothing_in_Biology_Makes_Sense_Except_in_the_Light_of_Evolution.pdf }}</ref> one may ask: how can a trait that lowers the fitness of an individual survive evolutionary selection? Mathematical modellings of [[population genetics]] show that, although altruists are less fit then nonaltruists, on an individual basis, groups of altruists tend to be fitter than groups of nonaltruists.<ref name="pmid16978796">{{cite journal |author=Baschetti R |title=The dawn of science-based moral reasoning |journal=Med. Hypotheses |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=4–8 |year=2007 |pmid=16978796 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.035}}</ref><ref name="WILSON">{{cite journal |author=Wilson DS |title=Human groups as units of selection |journal=Science (Washington DC) |volume=276|issue=5320 |pages=1816-1817 |year=1997}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 00:20, 2 January 2008
Altruism is the characteristic of benefitting others without the expectation of reward.
In biology, altruism is defined as a behavior that lowers the direct fitness of the donor while raising the direct fitness of the recipient. [1] Since, as Theodosius Dobzhansky stated, "nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution",[2] one may ask: how can a trait that lowers the fitness of an individual survive evolutionary selection? Mathematical modellings of population genetics show that, although altruists are less fit then nonaltruists, on an individual basis, groups of altruists tend to be fitter than groups of nonaltruists.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Alcock, John. 2005. Animal Behavior. Sinauer Associates. ISBN-10:0878930051
- ↑ Dobzhansky T (1973). "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". Am Biol Teach (35): 125-9.
- ↑ Baschetti R (2007). "The dawn of science-based moral reasoning". Med. Hypotheses 68 (1): 4–8. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.035. PMID 16978796. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Wilson DS (1997). "Human groups as units of selection". Science (Washington DC) 276 (5320): 1816-1817.