Vipera dinniki: Difference between revisions

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imported>Petréa Mitchell
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imported>Jaap Winius
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| color = pink
| color = pink
| name = ''Vipera dinniki''
| name = ''Vipera dinniki''
<!-- | status = VU -->
| status = <!-- VU -->
| status_system = iucn2.3
| status_system = iucn2.3
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| phylum = Chordata
| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
| subphylum = Vertebrata
| classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
| classis = Reptilia
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| ordo = Squamata
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]]
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
| familia = Viperidae
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| genus = ''[[Vipera]]''
| genus = ''[[Vipera]]''
| species = '''''V. dinniki'''''
| species = '''''V. dinniki'''''
| binomial = ''Vipera dinniki''
| binomial = ''Vipera dinniki''
| binomial_authority = Nikolsky, [[1913]]
| binomial_authority = Nikolsky, 1913
| synonyms = * ''Vipera berus dinniki'' - Nikolsky, 1913
| synonyms = * ''Vipera berus dinniki'' - Nikolsky, 1913
* ''Coluber berus dinniki'' - Nikolsky, 1916
* ''Coluber berus dinniki'' - Nikolsky, 1916
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'''Common names:''' Dinnik's viper, Caucasus subalpine viper.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>
'''Common names:''' Dinnik's viper, Caucasus subalpine viper.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>
 
&nbsp;<br/>
 
&nbsp;<br/>
'''''Vipera dinniki''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Viperinae|viper]] [[species]] found in [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Azerbaijan]].<ref name="McD99"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|ID=634992|taxon=Vipera dinniki|year=2006|date=17 August}}</ref>
'''''Vipera dinniki''''' is a venomous [[Viperinae|viper]] species found in Russia, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and Azerbaijan.<ref name="McD99"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634992 ''Vipera dinniki'' (TSN 634992)] at [http://www.itis.gov/index.html Integrated Taxonomic Information System]. Accessed 28 June 2007.</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
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==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
[[Russia]] ([[Caucasus Mountains|Great Caucasus]]) and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (high mountain basin of the [[Inguri|Inguri River]]), eastward to [[Azerbaijan]]. According to Nikolsky (1916), the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is "upper reaches of the Malaya Laba 8000 feet above sea level ... and Svanetia, 7000 feet above sea level." According to Nilson et al. (1995), Vedmederja et al. (1986) restricted it to "Malaya Laba" through [[lectotype]] selection. Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) give the lectotype locality as "Upper reaches of the [[Laba River|Malaya (Small) Laba River]], Northern Caucasus".<ref name="McD99"/>
Found in Russia (Great Caucasus) and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (high mountain basin of the Inguri River), eastward to Azerbaijan. According to Nikolsky (1916), the type locality is "upper reaches of the Malaya Laba 8000 feet above sea level ... and Svanetia, 7000 feet above sea level." According to Nilson et al. (1995), Vedmederja et al. (1986) restricted it to "Malaya Laba" through lectotype selection. Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) give the lectotype locality as "Upper reaches of the Malaya (Small) Laba River, Northern Caucasus".<ref name="McD99"/>


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
This species is classified Vulnerable (VU) according to the [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C1+2a (v2.3, 1994).<ref name="ICUN-VU">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/23001/summ ''Vipera dinniki''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 5 October 2006.</ref> This indicates that the population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals. A continued decline of at least 10% is expected within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer. In addition, a continued decline is expected due to a severely fragmented population structure, with no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 1,000 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="ICUN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994#categories 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 5 October 2006.</ref>
This species is classified Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C1+2a (v2.3, 1994).<ref name="ICUN-VU">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/23001/summ ''Vipera dinniki''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 5 October 2006.</ref> This indicates that the population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals. A continued decline of at least 10% is expected within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer. In addition, a continued decline is expected due to a severely fragmented population structure, with no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 1,000 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="ICUN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994#categories 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 5 October 2006.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 13:00, 28 June 2007

Vipera dinniki
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Viperinae
Genus: Vipera
Species: V. dinniki
Binomial name
Vipera dinniki
Nikolsky, 1913
Synonyms
  • Vipera berus dinniki - Nikolsky, 1913
  • Coluber berus dinniki - Nikolsky, 1916
  • Vipera tigrina - Zarevskij, 1917
  • Mesocoronis (Tzarevscya) tigrina - Reuss, 1929
  • Vipera kaznakowi dinnicki - Darevskij, 1956
  • Vipera kaznakowi orientalis - Vedmederja, 1984
  • Vipera dinnicki - Vedmederja, Grubant & Rudajeva, 1986
  • Vipera dinniki - Orlov & Tuniyev, 1990[1]

Common names: Dinnik's viper, Caucasus subalpine viper.[2]  
 
Vipera dinniki is a venomous viper species found in Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.[1] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]

Description

Of the 49 Russian specimens examined by Orlov and Tuniyev (1990), 29 were males and the largest measured 41.2 cm. Of the 20 females, the largest was 48.6 cm in length.[2]

Geographic range

Found in Russia (Great Caucasus) and Georgia (high mountain basin of the Inguri River), eastward to Azerbaijan. According to Nikolsky (1916), the type locality is "upper reaches of the Malaya Laba 8000 feet above sea level ... and Svanetia, 7000 feet above sea level." According to Nilson et al. (1995), Vedmederja et al. (1986) restricted it to "Malaya Laba" through lectotype selection. Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) give the lectotype locality as "Upper reaches of the Malaya (Small) Laba River, Northern Caucasus".[1]

Conservation status

This species is classified Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C1+2a (v2.3, 1994).[4] This indicates that the population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals. A continued decline of at least 10% is expected within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer. In addition, a continued decline is expected due to a severely fragmented population structure, with no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 1,000 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.[5]

See also

Cited references

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  3. ↑ Vipera dinniki (TSN 634992) at Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed 28 June 2007.
  4. ↑ Vipera dinniki at IUCN Red List. Accessed 5 October 2006.
  5. ↑ 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)IUCN Red List. Accessed 5 October 2006.

Other references

  • Nilson G, Tuniyev BS, Orlov NL, Höggren M, Andrén C. 1995. Systematics of the vipers of the Caucasus: Polymorphism or sibling species? Asiatic Herpetological Research 6:1-26.
  • Orlov NL, Tuniyev BF. 1990. Three species in the Vipera kaznakowi complex (Eurosiberian Group) in the Caucasus: Their present distribution, possible genesis, and phylogeny. Asiatic Herpetological Research 3:1-36.

External links

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