User talk:Robert Adams

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TITLE: The Rules Of Physics

1.0 ABSTRACT.

Physics is a study of repeatable measurements which are for all intents and purposes made by light. Each observer "owns" the light beams associated with his observations and measurements and the velocity of light is independent of the relative velocity of object being observed.

Each observer has access to exactly one coordinate system, his own. Access to another observer's coordinate system is made by a communication instrumentation process which is accomplished by light.

Finally, mathematics is the language that defines the communication between observers. It is not an expression of the truth from absolute point of view.

I believe that these are the rules that define the field of physics. Furthermore, I believe these rules may result in the discovery that an object can have a velocity greater than light.

2.0 DETAILED DISCUSSION 2.1 PHYSICS IS A STUDY OF REPEATABLE MEASUREMENTS

Is sound generated from a tree falling down in the forest if there is nobody there to hear it? This is an interesting question which I heard a long time ago, probably in my first years of college.

How do we know that sound is generated if there is nobody there to hear it? Most assuredly, the generation of sound and listeners to hear the sound are irretrievably connected. Consequently it is impossible to logically answer the above question.

I believe that there is a simple response to above question and this response will provide a profoundly simple definition of the field of physics. Namely, if there is no listener, nothing can be said about the generation of sound.

Historical speaking, the field of Physics is the study of repeatable observations and measurements. Everything in the field of physics that we know today is the result of a long sequence of experiments performed over several hundred years.

2.2 PHYSICISTS ALSO HAVE BELIEFS

The human being needs to believe in something. The many religions would not exist if this was not so. Physicists have their own unique set of beliefs. One of these beliefs had important historical consequences.

2.3 THE ETHER BELIEF

As early as 1600, it was known that light could travel in a vacuum. There was a strong belief that light like sound needed a media for its transmission. This gave birth to very undetectable transmission media called the "Ether".

Fresnel originally proposed the velocity of the earth and that of the Ether relative to the World Coordinate System were different. In 1845, Stokes proposed that the Ether was attached to the earth. Later, Maxwell proposed that the Ether was attached to the World Coordinate System.

The resulting intense research effort was motivated by the possibility that measurements of light in a refractive media would help them measure the velocity of the earth relative to the World Coordinate system

This research effort was terminated in 1881 by the Michaelson-Morley experiment which clearly demonstrated that one could not measure the velocity of the earth from the behavior of light within a moving coordinate system.

At this time, the Ether and the World Coordinate System, the baseline for Newtonian Physics, became obsolete.

2.4 THE POSTULATES OF EINSTEIN

Einstein proposed that 1) the laws of physics are the same for all observers independently of the relative velocity between the observers and 2) the velocity of light is independent of the velocity of the source relative to the observer.

These postulates were not consistent with Newtonian Physics as they were understood during this period.

Einstein proceeded to modify Newtonian Physics so that it would be consistent with these postulates. His effort resulted in the Special Theory of Relativity.

2.5 THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

The Special Theory of Relativity is basically a system of equations which relates the observations made by two observers in terms of the relative velocity between them.

These observations included position, time and velocity. The velocity of light was made independent of velocity of the source relative to either observer. Consequently, the velocity of light is independent of the relative velocity between the two observers.

The Special Theory of Relativity supports the statement that field of Physics is the study of repeatable observations and measurements. The numbers associated with these equations (position, time, velocity, etc) are the results of these measurements.

2.6 MATHEMATICS AS A LANGUAGE 2.6.1 MATHEMATICS AS A "TRUE" STATEMENT?

"The word comes first and the word is true" is a relatively common religious statement. It requires that the associated statement is accepted without question. These statements are the foundation of the associated belief.

The human being needs to believe in something. The many religions would not exist if this was not so. Physicists have their own unique set of beliefs. Can the mathematics of Theoretical Physics be considered a statement of beliefs that can be accepted without question? Will it ever be?

I think not.

These mathematical equations are used to communicate and explore the results of continuing research programs. If the results of these experiments are not consistent with the associated mathematical equations, the differences are carefully examined and the associated mathematics is updated.

The Special Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are important historical examples of this update process and there is no reason to assume that this will not occur again.

I believe that a re-examination of the Special Theory Of Relativity and its defining Einstein Postulates will enable the next major discovery.

3.0 MY RE-EXAMINATION 3.1 LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION

The Special Theory of Relativity and the associated Lorentz Transformation attempts to define the differences between two observations based on the differential velocity between the two associated observers.

From an observer point-of-view, the Special Theory of Relativity has not been thoroughly tested. Even with our manned space travel activities, the relative velocity between observers is negligibly small relative to the speed of light.

3.2 EINSTEIN POSTULATES RE-EXAMINATION

From an observer point-of-view, the Einstein's Postulates have also not been thoroughly tested. Again, the relative velocity between observers is negligibly small relative to the speed of light.

Assuming that these postulates are unconditionally valid, what can we learn by re-examining them. My re-examination has resulting in the following conclusions.

3.2.1 SPEED OF LIGHT RE-EXAMINATION

Einstein's second postulate states that the velocity of light is independent of the velocity of the source relative to the observer. This will be the case for multiple observers receiving light from the same source.

I have some serious problems with Einstein's second postulate where there are multiple observers with large relative velocities.

Specifically, I have difficulty accepting the constancy of the speed of light where the multiple observers are using the same light beam to observe the same source.

The only way that I can resolve this issue is to make the assumption that the multiple observers can not share the light beams from the source being observed. In essence, each observer must have his own light beam from the common source.

As a consequence, each observer has access to only one coordinate system, his own. The only way that an observer can share his observations with another is through a communication process.

3.2.2 RELATIVE SOURCE VELOCITY QUESTION

My re-examination has resulting in an interesting final question. Einstein's second postulate does not appear to place any limitations on the relative velocity between the source and observer.

Can this relative velocity be greater than the speed of light?

You say no and you have a large amount of theoretical physics research and the resulting mathematical equations to back it up!

But wait a minute! These mathematical equations resulting from Einstein's postulates relate a set of numeric measurements with another. These equations are not a definition of fundamental truths.

Let's assume for the present that this might be possible.

Let us assume that an object moves from the left towards the observer, passes very close to the observer, and then moves to the right away from the observer. Let us also assume that this object emits light along the way.

3.2.2.2 LESS_THAN_LIGHT

Let us assume that the velocity of the object is less than the speed of light. Then when the object is approaching the observer, the light will arrive at the observer before the object. The observer will see the object move towards him from the left, pass by him, and then move away from him to the right.

3.2.2.3 GREATER_THAN_LIGHT

Let us assume that the velocity of the object is greater than the speed of light. Then when the object is approaching the observer, the object will arrive at the observer before the light.

The observer will not see the object approaching him. Instead, the observer will see two objects travelling on the same line, one moving away from him to the left, and the other moving away from him to the right.

3.2.2.4 EXPANDING UNIVERSE

There have been many measurements that suggest that the universe is expanding.

Is it truly expanding? Perhaps there are objects with relative velocities greater than light which gives us the impression of an expanding universe?

Only time and additional research will answer these questions.