Europe/Timelines: Difference between revisions
< Europe
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Nick Gardner |
imported>Nick Gardner |
||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
:: - the transition from a predominantly agricultural to a predominately industrial economy that started in Britain with the [[Industrial Revolution#Steam engine|development of the steam engine]]. | :: - the transition from a predominantly agricultural to a predominately industrial economy that started in Britain with the [[Industrial Revolution#Steam engine|development of the steam engine]]. | ||
:1789: [[French Revolution]] | :1789: [[French Revolution]] | ||
:1806: Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and formation of the Federation of the Rhine. | :1799-1815 [[Napoleonic Wars]]<ref>[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_napoleonic.html ''Napoeonic Wars'', Historyof War.org]</ref> | ||
::1806: Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and formation of the Federation of the Rhine. | |||
:1815: Congress of Vienna | :1815: Congress of Vienna | ||
:: - redefined the territorial map of Europe following the defeat of [[Napoleon]]; including the creation of the Confederation of Germany | :: - redefined the territorial map of Europe following the defeat of [[Napoleon]]; including the creation of the Confederation of Germany | ||
Revision as of 01:08, 31 December 2010
The European heritage
- Ancient Greece
- The Roman Empire
- - Pax Romana[1], the first Europe-wide legal system.
- Christendom
- - the Papacy acted as Rome's (limited) successor as a Europe-wide influence, and the monasteries acted as a means of preservering access to the Christian ethic and to ancient Greek and ancient Roman culture.
- The Enlightenment
- - an intellectual movement that gave priority to the power of reason over the claims of authority (influenced by the writings of Denis Diderot, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and others.)
The formation of nation states
- 800: The creation of the Holy Roman Empire
- - the Pope confers the title of Emperor on Charlemagne (Charles I, King of the Franks)
- 1648: Treaty of Westphalia
- - created the Wesphalian System of European sovereign states[1].
- 1713: Treaty of Utrecht
- - separates France from Spain; cedes the Spanish Netherlands to Austria; cedes Gibraltar and parts of Canada to Britain
- ~1750 The Industrial Revolution begins.
- - the transition from a predominantly agricultural to a predominately industrial economy that started in Britain with the development of the steam engine.
- 1789: French Revolution
- 1799-1815 Napoleonic Wars[2]
- 1806: Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and formation of the Federation of the Rhine.
- 1815: Congress of Vienna
- - redefined the territorial map of Europe following the defeat of Napoleon; including the creation of the Confederation of Germany
- 1914-18 First World War
- 1917: October Revolution
- - the seizure of power by Lenin's Bolshevics, from the provisional government that had been formed by the revolutionary uprising of of February 1917.
- 1918: The collapse of Austro-Hungary, and the proclamation of the separate republics of Austria and Hungary.
- 1919: Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)
- - concluded the treaties of Versailles (with Germany), St Germain (with Austria), Trianon (with Hungary), Neuilly (with Bulgaria), Sèvres and Lausanne (with Turkey).
- 1929-35: Great Depression
- 1939-45 Second World War
- 1945: Partition of Germany
- 1946: Paris Peace Conference (1946-1947)
- - concluded peace treaties with Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Rumania and Italy.
The formation of a union of nation states
- 1949: Treaty of London
- - created the Council of Europe
- 1957: Treaty of Rome
- 1973: Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
- 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall
- 1990: German reunification
- 1991: Collapse of the Soviet Union
- 1992: Treaty of Maastricht
- 1994: Opening of the Channel tunnel
- 1997: Treaty of Amsterdam
- 2008-10: Great Recession
- 2009: Treaty of Lisbon
- 2010: Eurozone crisis