Opioid analgesic

Opioid analgesics, also called narcotics, are drugs usually used for treating pain. Opiod analgesics are defined as "all of the natural and semisynthetic alkaloid derivatives from opium, their pharmacologically similar synthetic surrogates, as well as all other compounds whose opioid-like actions are blocked by the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.

Pharmacology

There a several cell surface receptors for opiods. All are are G-protein-coupled receptors. The major subtypes of opioid receptors are:

• Mu receptors are responsible for analgesia.
• Delta
• Kappa

Available opioid analgesics

Current opioid analgesics are:

1. 18,19-dihydroetorphine
2. Alfentanil
3. Alphaprodine
4. beta-casomorphins
5. Buprenorphine
6. Butorphanol
7. carfentanil
8. Codeine
9. deltorphin I, Ala(2)-
10. dermorphin
11. Dextromoramide
12. Dextropropoxyphene
13. dezocine
14. dihydrocodeine
15. Dihydromorphine
16. Diphenoxylate
17. dynorphin (1-13)
18. endomorphin 1
19. endomorphin 2
20. Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
21. Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
22. enkephalin-Met, Ala(2)-
23. eseroline
24. Ethylketocyclazocine
25. Ethylmorphine
26. Etorphine
27. Fentanyl
28. Heroin
29. Hydrocodone
30. Hydromorphone
31. ketobemidone
32. Levorphanol
33. lofentanil
34. Meperidine
35. Meptazinol
36. Methadone
37. Methadyl Acetate
38. Morphine
39. Nalbuphine
40. nocistatin
41. Opiate Alkaloids
42. Opium
43. Oxycodone
44. Oxymorphone
45. paracymethadol
46. Pentazocine
47. Phenazocine
48. Phenoperidine
49. Pirinitramide
50. Promedol
51. protopine
52. remifentanil
53. Sufentanil
54. Tilidine
55. Tramadol
56. tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine