COBE (astronomy)

COBE or Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, was launched on November 18, 1989. COBE was designed and developed to investigate the origins of the universe and succeeded in producing images of the universe as it would have been in its infancy some 13.7 billion years ago. The accomplishments of the COBE were so significant that COBE’s originators, John C. Mather (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and George F. Smoot (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California at Berkeley) were awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for physics.

Instrumentation

COBE was developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe. To accomplish this, COBE carried three instruments:

• Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) to search for the cosmic infrared background radiation;
• Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) to map the cosmic radiation;
• Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to compare the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation with blackbody radiation.

Theoretical Rationale for COBE

The initial premise of the COBE research was that the universe had originated in a sudden expansion from a submicroscopically small point, the Big Bang Theory. This theory could be supported if there was evidence of background radiation (referred to as cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB radiation) permeating the entire universe. Predicted in 1948 by Georgiy “George” Antonovich Gamow, in 1965 Arno A. Penzias and Robert W.Wilson, researchers at AT&T's Bell Laboratory (Holmdel, N. J. USA), discovered that there is CMB radiation evident in all directions from Earth. A clear example is the radiation evident on a TV screen. Much of the black and white static is in fact CMB, photons of energy still cooling after the Big Bang.

External Links

COBE National Aeronautics and Space Administration COBE Smoot Group Astrophysics and Cosmology