Stroke: Difference between revisions
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Stroke is a [[medical emergency]] and can cause permanent neurologic damage or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is the third leading cause of [[death]] and the leading cause of '''adult''' disability in the [[United States]] and industrialized [[European]] nations. On average, a stroke occurs every 45 seconds and someone dies from a stroke every 3 minutes.{{fact}} | Stroke is a [[medical emergency]] and can cause permanent neurologic damage or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is the third leading cause of [[death]] and the leading cause of '''adult''' disability in the [[United States]] and industrialized [[European]] nations. On average, a stroke occurs every 45 seconds and someone dies from a stroke every 3 minutes.{{fact}} | ||
Risk factors include [[ | Risk factors include [[atherosclerosis]], advanced age, [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure), [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hypercholesterolemia|high cholesterol]], [[cigarette smoking]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[migraine]] with aura, and some blood clotting disorders. Cigarette smoking is the most important modifiable [[risk factor]] of stroke. | ||
The term "'''brain attack'''" has been advocated fo use in the United States for stroke, just as the term "heart attack" is used for [[Myocardial Infarction|myocardial infarction]], where a cutoff of blood causes [[necrosis]] to the tissue of the [[heart]]. Many hospitals have multidisciplinary "stroke teams" specifically for swift treatment of stroke. | The term "'''brain attack'''" has been advocated fo use in the United States for stroke, just as the term "heart attack" is used for [[Myocardial Infarction|myocardial infarction]], where a cutoff of blood causes [[necrosis]] to the tissue of the [[heart]]. Many hospitals have multidisciplinary "stroke teams" specifically for swift treatment of stroke. | ||
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*Ischemic strokes make up about 80% of all strokes and can be due to [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]], or generalized cerebral hypoperfusion. ''Lacunae'', or small vessel ischemic strokes, are responsible for about 20% of all strokes and are common in diabetes mellitus. | *Ischemic strokes make up about 80% of all strokes and can be due to [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]], or generalized cerebral hypoperfusion. ''Lacunae'', or small vessel ischemic strokes, are responsible for about 20% of all strokes and are common in diabetes mellitus. | ||
*[[Hemorrhagic stroke]]s can be due to [[intracerebral hemorrhage]], [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] [[subdural hemorrhage]]and [[epidural hemorrhage]]. <ref>Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed., Copyright © 2004 W. B. Saunders Company</ref> | *[[Hemorrhagic stroke]]s can be due to [[intracerebral hemorrhage]], [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] [[subdural hemorrhage]]and [[epidural hemorrhage]]. <ref>Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed., Copyright © 2004 W. B. Saunders Company</ref> | ||
==Ischemic Stroke== | ==Ischemic Stroke== | ||
Revision as of 09:57, 28 April 2007
Overview
A stroke (syn. Cerebral Vascular Accident or "CVA") is a sudden, often focal, loss of brain function due to an interruption in the blood supply to all or part of the brain [1]. Loss of brain function occurs when neurons loose their oxygen supply. This is often due to a disturbance in cerebral perfusion (blood flow to the brain). There are many different causes for the interruption of blood supply, and different parts of the brain can be affected. Because of this, strokes can have many different clinical presentations. Stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurologic damage or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States and industrialized European nations. On average, a stroke occurs every 45 seconds and someone dies from a stroke every 3 minutes.Template:Fact
Risk factors include atherosclerosis, advanced age, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, migraine with aura, and some blood clotting disorders. Cigarette smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke.
The term "brain attack" has been advocated fo use in the United States for stroke, just as the term "heart attack" is used for myocardial infarction, where a cutoff of blood causes necrosis to the tissue of the heart. Many hospitals have multidisciplinary "stroke teams" specifically for swift treatment of stroke.
Strokes can be classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic.
- Ischemic strokes make up about 80% of all strokes and can be due to thrombosis, embolism, or generalized cerebral hypoperfusion. Lacunae, or small vessel ischemic strokes, are responsible for about 20% of all strokes and are common in diabetes mellitus.
- Hemorrhagic strokes can be due to intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage subdural hemorrhageand epidural hemorrhage. [2]
Ischemic Stroke
Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of ischemic strokes, the most of the rest being accounted for by emboli from distant sites. The etiology of atherosclerosis-related strokes is very similar to that of heart attacks.