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{{subpages}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| color = pink
| name = ''Vipera pontica''
| name = ''Vipera pontica''
| status =  CR
| status =  <!-- CR -->
| status_system = iucn2.3
| status_system = iucn2.3
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| phylum = Chordata
| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
| subphylum = Vertebrata
| classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
| classis = Reptilia
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| ordo = Squamata
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]]
| subordo = [[Snake (animal)|Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
| familia = Viperidae
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| genus = ''[[Vipera]]''
| genus = ''[[Vipera]]''
| species = '''''V. pontica'''''
| species = '''''V. pontica'''''
| binomial = ''Vipera pontica''
| binomial = ''Vipera pontica''
| binomial_authority = [[H. Billing|Billing]], [[Göran Nilson|Nilson]] & [[U. Sattler|Sattler]], [[1990]]
| binomial_authority = Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990
| synonyms = * ''Vipera pontica'' - Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
| synonyms = * ''Vipera pontica'' - Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}
}}


'''Common names:''' Pontic adder.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>
'''Common names:''' Pontic adder.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>
 
&nbsp;<br/>
 
&nbsp;<br/>
'''''Vipera pontica''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Viperinae|viper]] [[species]] found in [[Turkey]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name="Mal03"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|ID=634999|taxon=Vipera pontica|year=2006|date=18 August}}</ref>
'''''Vipera pontica''''' is a venomous [[Viperinae|viper]] species found in [[Turkey]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name="Mal03"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634999 ''Vipera pontica'' (TSN 634999)] at [http://www.itis.gov/index.html Integrated Taxonomic Information System]. Accessed 2 July 2007.</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Probably does not grow to more than 60 cm in length. The largest [[Type (zoology)|type specimen]] was 277 mm.<ref name="Mal03"/>
Probably does not grow to more than 60 cm in length. The largest type specimen was 277 mm.<ref name="Mal03"/>


[[Holotype]]: NHMG 5021.<ref name="McD99"/>
Holotype: NHMG 5021.<ref name="McD99"/>


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
Known only from the Coruh valley in [[Artvin Province]], northeastern [[Turkey]]. It is probably also found in the Turkish province of [[Erzurum Province|Erzurum]], as well as the Kura valley in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name="McD99"/> Mallow et al. (2003) describe the range as Turkish Anatolia and adjacent parts of Georgia.<ref name="Mal03"/> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is "Coruh valley, province Artvin, northeastern Turkey.<ref name="McD99"/>
Known only from the Coruh valley in Artvin Province, northeastern Turkey. It is probably also found in the Turkish province of Erzurum, as well as the Kura valley in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name="McD99"/> Mallow et al. (2003) describe the range as Turkish Anatolia and adjacent parts of Georgia.<ref name="Mal03"/> The type locality is "Coruh valley, province Artvin, northeastern Turkey.<ref name="McD99"/>


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
This species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C2ab, D (v2.3, 1994).<ref name="ICUN-VP">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/23002/summ ''Vipera pontica''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref> This indicates that the total population is estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals. A continuing decline has been observed, projected, or inferred in numbers of mature individuals. It is unclear whether the population structure is either severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals), or that all individuals are in a single subpopulation. In case of the latter, the total population may number less than 50 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="IUCN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref>
This species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C2ab, D (v2.3, 1994).<ref name="ICUN-VP">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/23002/summ ''Vipera pontica''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref> This indicates that the total population is estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals. A continuing decline has been observed, projected, or inferred in numbers of mature individuals. It is unclear whether the population structure is either severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals), or that all individuals are in a single subpopulation. In case of the latter, the total population may number less than 50 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="IUCN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref>


It is also listed as a strictly protected species (Appendix II) under the [[Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats|Berne Convention]].<ref name="COE">[http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/104-2.htm Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II] at [http://conventions.coe.int/ Council of Europe]. Accessed 9 October 2006.</ref>
It is also listed as a strictly protected species (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention.<ref name="COE">[http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/104-2.htm Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II] at [http://conventions.coe.int/ Council of Europe]. Accessed 9 October 2006.</ref>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Found on steep wooded mountain slopes with rock outcroppings and piles of stones.<ref name="McD99"/>
Found on steep wooded mountain slopes with rock outcroppings and piles of stones.<ref name="McD99"/>


==See also==
==References==
* ''[[Vipera]]''.
* [[List of viperine species and subspecies]].
* [[:Category:True vipers - Common names|True vipers - Common names]].
* [[Snakebite]].
 
==Cited references==
<div class="references-small">
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
<references/>
</div>
</div>


==Other references==
[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
<div class="references-small">
* Billing H, Nilson G, Sattler U. 1990. ''Vipera pontica'' sp.n., a new viper species in the ''kaznakovi'' group (Reptilia, Viperidae) from northeastern Turkey and adjacent Transcaucasia. Zoologica Scripta 19:227-231.
</div>
 
==External links==
* {{EMBL species|genus=Vipera|species=pontica}}
 
 
[[Category:Biology Workgroup]]
[[Category:True vipers]]

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Vipera pontica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Viperinae
Genus: Vipera
Species: V. pontica
Binomial name
Vipera pontica
Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990
Synonyms
  • Vipera pontica - Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990[1]

Common names: Pontic adder.[2]  
 
Vipera pontica is a venomous viper species found in Turkey and Georgia.[2] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]

Description

Probably does not grow to more than 60 cm in length. The largest type specimen was 277 mm.[2]

Holotype: NHMG 5021.[1]

Geographic range

Known only from the Coruh valley in Artvin Province, northeastern Turkey. It is probably also found in the Turkish province of Erzurum, as well as the Kura valley in Georgia.[1] Mallow et al. (2003) describe the range as Turkish Anatolia and adjacent parts of Georgia.[2] The type locality is "Coruh valley, province Artvin, northeastern Turkey.[1]

Conservation status

This species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: C2ab, D (v2.3, 1994).[4] This indicates that the total population is estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals. A continuing decline has been observed, projected, or inferred in numbers of mature individuals. It is unclear whether the population structure is either severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals), or that all individuals are in a single subpopulation. In case of the latter, the total population may number less than 50 mature individuals. Year assessed: 1996.[5]

It is also listed as a strictly protected species (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention.[6]

Habitat

Found on steep wooded mountain slopes with rock outcroppings and piles of stones.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  3. ↑ Vipera pontica (TSN 634999) at Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed 2 July 2007.
  4. ↑ Vipera pontica at IUCN Red List. Accessed 6 October 2006.
  5. ↑ 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)IUCN Red List. Accessed 6 October 2006.
  6. ↑ Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II at Council of Europe. Accessed 9 October 2006.
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