Bitis inornata: Difference between revisions
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{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| color = pink | | color = pink | ||
| name = ''Bitis inornata'' | | name = ''Bitis inornata'' | ||
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | ||
| phylum = | | phylum = Chordata | ||
| subphylum = | | subphylum = Vertebrata | ||
| classis = | | classis = Reptilia | ||
| ordo = | | ordo = Squamata | ||
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]] | | subordo = [[Snake (animal)|Serpentes]] | ||
| familia = | | familia = Viperidae | ||
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]] | | subfamilia = [[Viperinae]] | ||
| genus = ''[[Bitis]]'' | | genus = ''[[Bitis]]'' | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
'''Common names:''' plain mountain adder, hornless adder.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref><ref name="SB95">Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.</ref> | '''Common names:''' plain mountain adder, hornless adder.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref><ref name="SB95">Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.</ref> | ||
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'''''Bitis inornata''''' is a | '''''Bitis inornata''''' is a venomous [[Viperinae|viper]] species found only in Cape Province, South Africa.<ref name="McD99"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634955 ''Bitis inornata'' (TSN 634955)] at [http://www.itis.gov/index.html Integrated Taxonomic Information System]. Accessed 5 April 2007.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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==Geographic range== | ==Geographic range== | ||
Isolated population on the Sneeuberg, eastern | Isolated population on the Sneeuberg, eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The type locality is listed as "Sneeuwbergen, or Snow Mountains, ... immediately behind the village of Graaff Raynet" (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa).<ref name="McD99"/> | ||
Spawls and Branch (1995) describe it as known only from two isolated population in southern Cape Province in | Spawls and Branch (1995) describe it as known only from two isolated population in southern Cape Province in South Africa: the first in the east, limited to the montane grassland on the Sneeuberg, from north of Graaf Renier to Cradock. A second population was discovered relatively recently on the upper slopes of the Cedarberg in the west.<ref name="SB95"/> | ||
==Conservation status== | ==Conservation status== | ||
This species is classified as vulnerable (VU) on the | This species is classified as vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List for the following criteria: A2cd, B1+2ab.<ref name="ICUN-BI">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/2817/summ ''Bitis inorata''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 2 October 2006.</ref> This means that a population reduction of at least 20% is projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three generations, whichever is the longer, due to a decline in the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, or due to actual or potential levels of exploitation. Also, the extent of occurrence is estimated to cover less than 100 km², or the area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 10 km², and the population is severely fragmented or known to exist at only a single location. Finally, a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in the area of occupancy. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="ICUN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994#categories 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 5 October 2006.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ''[[Bitis]]''. | * ''[[Bitis]]''. | ||
* [[List of viperine species and subspecies]]. | * [[List of viperine species and subspecies]]. | ||
* [[ | * [[:Category:True vipers - Common names|True vipers - Common names]]. | ||
* [[:Category:True vipers - Synonymy|True vipers - Synonymy]]. | |||
* [[Snake (animal)bite]]. | |||
== | ==References== | ||
<div class="references-small"> | <div class="references-small"> | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| Line 51: | Line 53: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{EMBL species|genus=Bitis|species=inornata}} | * {{EMBL species|genus=Bitis|species=inornata}}. | ||
* [http://biodiversity.mongabay.com/animals/b/Bitis_inornata.html ''Bitis inorata''] at [http://biodiversity.mongabay.com/ Biodiversity.mongabay.com]. Accessed 2 October 2006. | * [http://biodiversity.mongabay.com/animals/b/Bitis_inornata.html ''Bitis inorata''] at [http://biodiversity.mongabay.com/ Biodiversity.mongabay.com]. Accessed 2 October 2006.[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | ||
[[Category: | |||
Latest revision as of 12:00, 19 July 2024
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Common names: plain mountain adder, hornless adder.[2][3]
Bitis inornata is a venomous viper species found only in Cape Province, South Africa.[1] No subspecies are currently recognized.[4]
Description
Adults average 25-40 cm with a maximum of 45 cm.[2]
Geographic range
Isolated population on the Sneeuberg, eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The type locality is listed as "Sneeuwbergen, or Snow Mountains, ... immediately behind the village of Graaff Raynet" (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa).[1]
Spawls and Branch (1995) describe it as known only from two isolated population in southern Cape Province in South Africa: the first in the east, limited to the montane grassland on the Sneeuberg, from north of Graaf Renier to Cradock. A second population was discovered relatively recently on the upper slopes of the Cedarberg in the west.[3]
Conservation status
This species is classified as vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List for the following criteria: A2cd, B1+2ab.[5] This means that a population reduction of at least 20% is projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three generations, whichever is the longer, due to a decline in the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, or due to actual or potential levels of exploitation. Also, the extent of occurrence is estimated to cover less than 100 km², or the area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 10 km², and the population is severely fragmented or known to exist at only a single location. Finally, a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in the area of occupancy. Year assessed: 1996.[6]
See also
- Bitis.
- List of viperine species and subspecies.
- True vipers - Common names.
- True vipers - Synonymy.
- Snake (animal)bite.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
- ↑ Bitis inornata (TSN 634955) at Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed 5 April 2007.
- ↑ Bitis inorata at IUCN Red List. Accessed 2 October 2006.
- ↑ 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)IUCN Red List. Accessed 5 October 2006.
External links
- Species Bitis inornata at the Species2000 Database.
- Bitis inorata at Biodiversity.mongabay.com. Accessed 2 October 2006.