Gell and Coombs classification of immune reactions: Difference between revisions
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In [[allergy and immunology]], as well as a broader range of [[medicine|medical conditions]], the '''Gell and Coombs classification of immune reactions'''<ref>Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, eds. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 1st ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 1963.</ref> is widely used to categorized specific disorders into four useful categories. [[Hypersensitivity|It has been improved]], however, into subtypes and an additional type has been added. | |||
*Type I, [[anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction]]s, mediated by interaction of [[immunoglobulin|Immunoglobin E]] (IgE) [[antibody]] and [[antigen]] and release of [[histamine]] and other inflammatory [[cytokines]]; it also can involve mast cells, basophils and mediators that induce muscle contraction | |||
*type II, [[antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction]]s or [[cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction]]s, due to antibody-antigen interactions on cell surfaces; host cells are destroyed | |||
*type III, [[immune complex hypersensitivity reaction]]s, which are local or general inflammatory responses due to formation of circulating immune complexes and their deposition in tissues | |||
*type IV, [[cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction]]s, also [[delayed hypersensivity reaction]] or [[cell mediated immunity]], initiated by sensitized [[T-lymphocyte]]s either by their releasing [[lymphokine]]s or by T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity; modulators here include [[leukotriene]]s. | |||
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction encompasses types I-III, while Type IV is the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 20 August 2024
In allergy and immunology, as well as a broader range of medical conditions, the Gell and Coombs classification of immune reactions[1] is widely used to categorized specific disorders into four useful categories. It has been improved, however, into subtypes and an additional type has been added.
- Type I, anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions, mediated by interaction of Immunoglobin E (IgE) antibody and antigen and release of histamine and other inflammatory cytokines; it also can involve mast cells, basophils and mediators that induce muscle contraction
- type II, antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reactions or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions, due to antibody-antigen interactions on cell surfaces; host cells are destroyed
- type III, immune complex hypersensitivity reactions, which are local or general inflammatory responses due to formation of circulating immune complexes and their deposition in tissues
- type IV, cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, also delayed hypersensivity reaction or cell mediated immunity, initiated by sensitized T-lymphocytes either by their releasing lymphokines or by T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity; modulators here include leukotrienes.
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction encompasses types I-III, while Type IV is the delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
References
- ↑ Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, eds. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 1st ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 1963.