Chase Osborn

Chase Salmon Osborn (1860-1949) was a newspaper publisher, explorer/traveler, conservationist, civil servant, and Republican governor of Michigan. He was Michigan's only governor elected from the state's Upper Peninsula.

Early Life

Chase Osborn was born January 22, 1860, to George and Margaret Osborn in Huntington County, Indiana. The Osborn family were staunch Methodists and abolitionists, and they named their first son after the Ohio abolitionist and future Secretary of the Treasury and Supreme Court Justice Salmon P. Chase. George Osborn was a struggling entrepreneur who had gone through a couple of bankruptcies.

Entry into Politics

In the mid-1880s, Osborn bought an interest in the Sault News of Sault Ste. Marie. He began to rationalize and economize the operation. While in Sault Ste Marie, Osborn was appointed postmaster, a job that indicates he was making inroads into the local Republican political machine. The political appointments continued.

In 1898, the reform governor Hazen Pingree appointed Osborn to head the State Railroad Commission. Because his civil service kept him more and more from Sault Ste. Marie, he sold the Sault News. But he did not completely turn his back on journalism. Shortly afterwards, he partnered with Walter J. Hunsaker and bought the Saginaw Courier Herald.

After his term as railroad commissioner, Osborn decided to travel, writing the The Andean Land (1909). He is responsible for the discovery of the Moose Mountain deposits in Ontario, Canada. His view of himself as an iron ore prospector was so important that he titled his autobiography The Iron Hunter (1918).

1910 Governor's Campaign

With his prestige at an all time high, Osborn decided to make another run at the governor's seat, this time to unseat his fellow republican, but Taft-conservative, Fred Warner. His campaign was managed by his former editor of the Sault News, Frank Knox. Osborn ran an aggressive campaign, often touring by automobile so that he could reach nearly every district. His slogan was "Osborn, Harmony, and a New Deal," with "harmony" referring to his promise to heal splits within the Republican Party.

Osborn's promise of a "New Deal," which echoed his admiration for Theodore Roosevelt and his "Square Deal," was a package of progressive legislative reforms, which included: efficient government, conservation, more stringent bank regulations, workman's compensation, child and woman labor laws, tax reform, and electoral reforms including women's suffrage. This agenda propelled him to the Republican nomination and later into the governor's seat.

Osborn's Administration as Governor

While in office, Osborn attempted to place his agenda into practice. He was successful in gaining legislation that increased control over banks, regulated the employment of women and children, allowed for the use of convict labor to improve the state's highway system, and created workman's compensation. He also oversaw Michigan's entry into prohibition, and signed laws increasing state aid for agriculture schools. He was unsuccessful at enacting women's suffrage.

As state chief executive, he cut jobs and offices in order to make the statehouse more efficient. His frugal management turned a million-dollar state budget deficit in 1910 into a million-dollar surplus by 1912.

1912 Election

During the divisive election of 1912, Osborn backed his friend Theodore Roosevelt. Michigan was a particularly divided state for the Republicans that year and Osborn attempted to lock-in the state for Roosevelt by proposing a preferential primary bill. If enacted, it would have bound Michigan's delegates to the party conventions to cast their votes for the candidate selected by the people in the polls. It was a divisive bill and may have undermined Osborn's chances for a re-election bid; in any case, the troubling 1912 election did force Osborn to some difficult political decisions. At the State Republican Convention that year, Osborn worked behind the scenes (from Lansing) for Roosevelt. The contentious state convention eventually endorsed Taft. Upon loosing the nomination at the Republican National Convention, Roosevelt bolted from the party and ran as a third-party Progressive candidate.

Osborn, however, was too committed to the party to follow Roosevelt out of it. But Osborn did make campaign speeches at Roosevelt rallies. Come November, for the first time since the formation of the Republican Party, Michigan did not cast its electors for the Republican nominee; the electors voted for Roosevelt.

Out of Politics

Osborn chose not to run in 1912 and left the governor's seat in 1913. He then took to traveling again. He made three other political runs: the governor's race in 1914, and the U. S. Senate in 1918 and 1930. All ended in defeat. The state Republican committee put him forward as a vice-presidential nominee at the 1928 national convention; but the convention did not endorse him.

Sources

Beal, Vernon L. "Promise and Performance: The Political Record of a Michigan Governor, Chase Salmon Osborn." Michigan Historical Collections, Bulletin No. 4. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1950. Online (library subscription may be required) at <http://persi.heritagequestonline.com/hqoweb/library/do/books/results/image?urn=urn:proquest:US;glhbooks;Genealogy-glh46544055;2;-1;&polarity=&scale=>, consulted April 6, 2011.

Warner, Robert Mark. "Chase Salmon Osborn: 1860-1949." Michigan Historical Collections, Bulletin No. 10. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1960. Online (library subscription may be required) at <http://persi.heritagequestonline.com/hqoweb/library/do/books/results/image?urn=urn:proquest:US;glhbooks;Genealogy-glh46544064;3;-1;>, consulted April 6, 2011.