V (letter): Difference between revisions
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'''V, v''' is a letter of the [[Latin alphabet]]. It is the twenty-second letter of most variants | '''V, v''' is a letter of the [[Latin alphabet]]. It is the twenty-second letter of most variants, being placed after [[U (letter)|U]] and before [[W (letter)|W]], as is the case for instance in the [[English alphabet]]. Its English name is pronounced [ˈviː], ''vee''. | ||
V is also the [[Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] representing the number [[5]]. | V is also the [[Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] representing the number [[5]]. | ||
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==Use in English== | ==Use in English== | ||
{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | |||
'''v''' is a labiodental fricative, partially or completely voiced, air passing between the lower lip and upper front teeth as they touch. It differs from '''f''' only in that the vocal folds vibrate, which does not occur for '''f''': compare '''vîle''' and '''fîle'''. This is in contrast to '''w''', where both lips are used without touching each other or any teeth: compare '''vèil''' ''cover'' = '''vâle''' ''valley'' and, rhyming, '''wâil''' ''cry''. The '''v''' sound involves more friction as air passes through the mouth; for '''w''' the lips are further apart, making the sound more [[vowel]]-like. Examples: '''vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve''', and finally in '''spív, Slàv, dërv'''. | |||
{{:English spellings/Accents}} | |||
'''v''' is rare at the end of a word, and it is most commonly found in that position pronounced '''f''' in Slavonic (i.e. Russian, Bulgarian, etc.) names: '''Rachmáninov, Prokófiev, Medvédev''' *Midvyédiff, '''Khrùshchev''' (-chóff), '''Mólotov'''; it is also in '''Névsky''' (pronounced '''v''') and '''Tchaikóvsky''' (usually pronounced '''f'''). | |||
Being rare at the end, '''v''' hardly ever needs to be doubled, as | Being rare at the end, '''v''' hardly ever needs to be doubled; just occasionally, as in '''révved úp thê éngine''', to avoid sounding like "rêved", and '''spívvery''', to avoid "spîvery". '''v''' does not normally have to be doubled after a preceding short vowel (usually '''é'''): '''séven, cléver, héaven, éver, évery, séver, bévy, lòver, drível, cívil'''. But it doubles before final '''y''' to emphasise that the preceding vowel is short: '''chívvy, sávvy, návvy''' (compare '''chîves''' and '''nâvy''') and similarly in '''cívvies'''. So '''flívver''', rhyming with '''ríver''', is unusual. | ||
The preceding vowel is long in: '''êven, fêver, hâver, fâvour, sâviour, ôver, clôver, drîver, dîver, wâver, hâven''' and '''Stêven''' (= the more regular spelling of '''Stêphen''', which does not have an | The preceding vowel is long in: '''êven, fêver, hâver, fâvour, sâviour, ôver, clôver, drîver, dîver, wâver, hâven''' and '''Stêven''' (= the more regular spelling of '''Stêphen''', which does not have an '''f''' sound). | ||
As '''v''' rarely ends words, so it rarely occurs before consonants; it does, though, in the French word for '''Âpril''', adopted as a girl's name, '''Ávril'''. | |||
'''v''' occurs after '''s''' to signify a [[whistled consonant]] in words from the [[Shona language]], as in '''[[Masvingo|Masvíngo]]''' and '''[[Morgan Tsvangirai|Mǒrgan Tsvángiraî]]'''. English speakers often pronounce the latter name as *Chángiraî. | |||
==Scientific uses== | |||
* | |||
* | *V: volt, unit of electric potential (difference) | ||
* | *'''''v''''': velocity | ||
*V: vanadium | |||
Latest revision as of 07:31, 10 August 2016
V, v is a letter of the Latin alphabet. It is the twenty-second letter of most variants, being placed after U and before W, as is the case for instance in the English alphabet. Its English name is pronounced [ˈviː], vee.
V is also the Roman numeral representing the number 5.
The phoneme /v/ occurs in many languages, but is absent in many others; many speakers may substitute some kind of [b] or [u]. For example, Japanese makes use of both: ウイルス uirusu 'virus' and ライブ raibu 'live'.
Use in English
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use in English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alphabetical word list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroalphabetical list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common misspellings |
v is a labiodental fricative, partially or completely voiced, air passing between the lower lip and upper front teeth as they touch. It differs from f only in that the vocal folds vibrate, which does not occur for f: compare vîle and fîle. This is in contrast to w, where both lips are used without touching each other or any teeth: compare vèil cover = vâle valley and, rhyming, wâil cry. The v sound involves more friction as air passes through the mouth; for w the lips are further apart, making the sound more vowel-like. Examples: vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve, and finally in spív, Slàv, dërv.
- The accents show stress and pronunciation (see English spellings): A: sát, mâde, pàrk, cāst (cást/càst), åll, ãir; E: ére, êar, vèin, fërn; I: sít, mîne, skì, bïrd; O: sóng, môde, lòve, wörd, ŏr; OO: moôn, foòt; U: sún, mûse, fùll, pürr; W: neŵ, ẁant; Y: gým, mŷ, keỳ, mÿrrh.
v is rare at the end of a word, and it is most commonly found in that position pronounced f in Slavonic (i.e. Russian, Bulgarian, etc.) names: Rachmáninov, Prokófiev, Medvédev *Midvyédiff, Khrùshchev (-chóff), Mólotov; it is also in Névsky (pronounced v) and Tchaikóvsky (usually pronounced f).
Being rare at the end, v hardly ever needs to be doubled; just occasionally, as in révved úp thê éngine, to avoid sounding like "rêved", and spívvery, to avoid "spîvery". v does not normally have to be doubled after a preceding short vowel (usually é): séven, cléver, héaven, éver, évery, séver, bévy, lòver, drível, cívil. But it doubles before final y to emphasise that the preceding vowel is short: chívvy, sávvy, návvy (compare chîves and nâvy) and similarly in cívvies. So flívver, rhyming with ríver, is unusual.
The preceding vowel is long in: êven, fêver, hâver, fâvour, sâviour, ôver, clôver, drîver, dîver, wâver, hâven and Stêven (= the more regular spelling of Stêphen, which does not have an f sound).
As v rarely ends words, so it rarely occurs before consonants; it does, though, in the French word for Âpril, adopted as a girl's name, Ávril.
v occurs after s to signify a whistled consonant in words from the Shona language, as in Masvíngo and Mǒrgan Tsvángiraî. English speakers often pronounce the latter name as *Chángiraî.
Scientific uses
- V: volt, unit of electric potential (difference)
- v: velocity
- V: vanadium