Commonwealth of Nations/Timelines: Difference between revisions

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*1887: The first [http://archive.org/details/cihm_03397 Colonial Conference]  beginning  a series of  consultations between Britain and its colonies.
*1887: The first [http://archive.org/details/cihm_03397 Colonial Conference]  beginning  a series of  consultations between Britain and its colonies.
*1926 The 6th [http://foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/cth11_doc_1926.pdf Imperial Conference] established the Dominions as equal communities within the British Empire, with a common allegiance to the Crown.
*1926 The 6th [http://foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/cth11_doc_1926.pdf Imperial Conference] established the Dominions as equal communities within the [[British Empire]], with a common allegiance to the Crown.
*1930: First Commonwealth Games held in Hamilton, Canada.  
*1930: First [[Commonwealth of Nations#Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] held in Hamilton, Canada.  
*1931 [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/22-23/4/introduction Statute of Westminster] confirmed  the equality of Britain and the  Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and Newfoundland.
*1931 [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/22-23/4/introduction Statute of Westminster] confirmed  the equality of Britain and the  Dominions of [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], Ireland, and [[Newfoundland]].
*1949 The [[Commonwealth of Nations/Addendum#The London Declaration of 1949| London Declaration]]
*1949 The [[Commonwealth of Nations/Addendum#The London Declaration of 1949| London Declaration]]
*1965 The [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/191086/ Commonwealth Secretariat] is established
*1965 The [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/191086/ Commonwealth Secretariat] and the [http://www.commonwealthfoundation.com/ Commonwealth Foundation] are established
*1971 The [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/uploadedfiles/%7B89D81F68-F851-43DE-B7F0-604A97424903%7D_Singapore%20Declaration.pdf Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles]
*1961 [[South Africa]]'s membership is suspended because of is [[apartheid]] policy.
*1971 The [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/uploadedfiles/%7B89D81F68-F851-43DE-B7F0-604A97424903%7D_Singapore%20Declaration.pdf Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles] including individual liberty, democratic rights and opposition to colonialism and racialism
::[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/158192/ Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation]
::[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/158192/ Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation]
*1972: Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth over impending recognition of Bangladesh.
*1972: Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth over impending recognition of [[Bangladesh]].
*1977 Gleneagles Agreement discouraging sporting contacts with [[South Africa]] because of its [[apartheid]] policies.
*1977 [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/212035/206732/110609archivesouthafrica.htm Gleneagles Agreement] discouraging sporting contacts with [[South Africa]] because of its [[apartheid]] policies.
*1979 [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/document/35776/lusaka.htm Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice].
*1979 [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/document/35776/lusaka.htm Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice].
*1987 [[Fiji]] suspended from Commonwealth following the overthrow of its government.   
*1987 [[Fiji]] suspended from Commonwealth following the overthrow of its government.   
*1991 The [[Commonwealth of Nations/Addendum# The Harare Commonwealth Declaration|Harare Commonwealth Declaration]] adds democracy, good government and human rights to the Commonwealth's shared principles.
*1991 The [[Commonwealth of Nations/Addendum# The Harare Commonwealth Declaration|Harare Commonwealth Declaration]] adds democracy, good government and human rights to the Commonwealth's shared principles.
*1994 - South Africa rejoins the Commonwealth following the end of apartheid.  
*1994 South Africa rejoins the Commonwealth following the end of apartheid.  
*1995 - [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/38125/cmag/ Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group]] is set up to deal with violators of the Commonwealth's shared principles.
*1995 [[Nigeria]] is suspended from the Commonwealth after it sentenced to death the writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and a group of fellow activists.
::[[Nigeria]] suspended from the Commonwealth after it sentenced to death the writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and a group of fellow activists.  
::[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=141096 The Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme] specified the action to be taken in response to violations of the Harare principles
*1997 - Fiji reinstated after it adopts new constitution more in line with Commonwealth's shared principles.  
:: [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/38125/cmag/ Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group] is set up to deal with violators of the Harare principles.
*1997 - Fiji is reinstated after it adopts new constitution more in line with Commonwealth's shared principles.  
*1999 Nigeria reinstated after its return to civilian rule.  
*1999 Nigeria reinstated after its return to civilian rule.  
::[[Pakistan]] suspended because of military take-over.  
::Pakistan suspended because of military take-over.  
*2002 [[Zimbabwe]] is suspended for a year over President [[Robert Mugabe]]'s controversial re-election.
*2002 [[Zimbabwe]] is suspended for a year over President [[Robert Mugabe]]'s controversial re-election.
*2003 Zimbabwe's suspension is made permanent.
*2003 Heads of Government adopt the [http://www.cmja.org/downloads/Latimer%20House/Commonwealth%20Principles%20on%20Three%20Arms%20of%20Government.pdf Latimer House Principles] on the three branches of government
:: Zimbabwe's suspension is made permanent.
*2004 Pakistan is readmitted.
*2004 Pakistan is readmitted.
*2007 November - Pakistan is suspended for a second time after President Musharraf declares a state of emergency and sacks top judges.
*2007 Pakistan is suspended for a second time after President Musharraf declares a state of emergency and sacks top judges.
*2008 May - Pakistan's suspension is lifted when Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group says the government has taken positive steps to fulfil its obligations.  
*2008 Pakistan's suspension is lifted when Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group says the government has taken positive steps to fulfil its obligations.  
*2009 [[Rwanda]] becomes the 54th member of the Commonwealth
*2009 [[Rwanda]] becomes the 54th member of the Commonwealth
:: Fiji is suspended from membership after military ruler refuses to schedule elections.
:: Fiji is suspended from membership after military ruler refuses to schedule elections.
:: [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/document/181889/34293/35468/216908/commonwealth_values_and_principles.htm Affirmation of Commonwealth Values and Principles] including a call  for the Eminent Persons Group to report on the options for reform.
*2011 Heads of Government fail to endorse all of the Eminent Persons report on the need for reform concerning democracy and human rights[http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/10/30/commonwealth-summit-leaders-push-aside-reforms_n_1065840.html].
*2012 Commonwealth Advisory Bureau (CA/B) submission to the UK Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry on "The role and future of the Commonwealth" [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmfaff/uc1810-ii/mem01.htm].
*2012 Commonwealth Advisory Bureau (CA/B) submission to the UK Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry on "The role and future of the Commonwealth" [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmfaff/uc1810-ii/mem01.htm].
 
::Commonwealth mission sent to the Maldives following military coup [http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/commonwealth-mission-set-for-male-to-probe-crisis-2012-02-13-1.442740][http://doreview.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/commonwealth-ministerial-action-group.html].
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*2013 The Gambia withdraws from membership
[[Pakistan]] withdrew in January 1972 in protest at the recognition of the secession of [[East Pakistan]] and its independence under the name of [[Bangladesh]]. Pakistan attempted to rejoin later in the 1970's and 1980's, but its application was vetoed by the Government of India, because of the ongoing dispute over [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. It was eventually allowed to rejoin in October 1989. [[Zimbabwe]] withdrew from the British Commonwealth in December 2003 in protest at the international community's opposition to the [[ZANU-PF]] regime's controversial [[land seizure]] policy and its [[human rights]] abuses.
 
When the membership of a country is suspended, that country is not allowed to send representatives to meetings such as the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] (CHOGM). [[South Africa]] was suspended from membership in 1961 because of international criticism of its [[apartheid]] policies. [[Fiji]]'s membership was deemed to have lapsed as a result of [[Sitiveni Rabuka]]'s [[coup d'etat]] and proclamation of Fiji as a republic in October 1987.
 
[[Nigeria]] had its membership suspended between 1995 and 1999 as a protest against the execution of [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] and eight other [[Ogoni]] activists by the [[military regime]] of General [[Sani Abacha]]. Fiji had its membership suspended in 2000 to 2001 and since 2006, due to coups there.
 
Since 1995, the decision to admit [[Cameroon]] and [[Mozambique]] has proved  controversial, as only a small part of Cameroon was ever under British rule, and Mozambique is a former [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colony. In late 2006, [[Rwanda]] reportedly applied for membership, but this attracted criticism, as Rwanda is a former [[Belgian]] colony. There have been calls since 1991 for the unrecognised [[Republic of Somaliland]] to be granted both international recognition as an independent state and full membership of the Commonwealth.
 
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Latest revision as of 07:53, 2 March 2024

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Commonwealth_of_Nations/Timelines&printable=yes
A timeline (or several) relating to Commonwealth of Nations.
Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation
The Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme specified the action to be taken in response to violations of the Harare principles
Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group is set up to deal with violators of the Harare principles.
  • 1997 - Fiji is reinstated after it adopts new constitution more in line with Commonwealth's shared principles.
  • 1999 Nigeria reinstated after its return to civilian rule.
Pakistan suspended because of military take-over.
Zimbabwe's suspension is made permanent.
  • 2004 Pakistan is readmitted.
  • 2007 Pakistan is suspended for a second time after President Musharraf declares a state of emergency and sacks top judges.
  • 2008 Pakistan's suspension is lifted when Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group says the government has taken positive steps to fulfil its obligations.
  • 2009 Rwanda becomes the 54th member of the Commonwealth
Fiji is suspended from membership after military ruler refuses to schedule elections.
Affirmation of Commonwealth Values and Principles including a call for the Eminent Persons Group to report on the options for reform.
  • 2011 Heads of Government fail to endorse all of the Eminent Persons report on the need for reform concerning democracy and human rights[1].
  • 2012 Commonwealth Advisory Bureau (CA/B) submission to the UK Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry on "The role and future of the Commonwealth" [2].
Commonwealth mission sent to the Maldives following military coup [3][4].
  • 2013 The Gambia withdraws from membership
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