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== '''[[Warfarin]]''' ==
== '''[[Kilt]]''' ==
''by [[User:Robert Badgett|Robert Badgett]], [[User:David E. Volk|David E. Volk]], and [[User:Chris Day|Chris Day]] <small>(and [[User:Caesar Schinas|Caesar Schinas]])</small>''
''by [[User:James F. Perry|James F. Perry]] <small>(and [[User:Charles Sandberg|Charles Sandberg]], [[User:Chris Day|Chris Day]] and [[User:David Boven|David Boven]])</small>''
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{{Image|Warfarin structure.jpg|right|200px|Structure of Warfarin.}}  
{{Image|Highland_Dance_001.jpg|right|150px|Highland dancer wearing a kilt}}


'''[[Warfarin]]''' (IUPAC name
A '''[[kilt]]''', as the term is used in this article, is a skirtlike traditional Scottish garment in its modern form as illustrated in the photo at right. In this form, the kilt can be seen at modern-day Highland games gatherings in Scotland and elsewhere throughout the world. Historical forms of the Scottish kilt have differed in several particulars (some quite substantial) from the modern-day version.  
4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-chromen-2-one), also widely called coumadin, is an anticoagulant medication used prophylactically to suppress the formation of embolism and thrombosis from conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.


Originally designed to be a rat poison, warfarin works as an anticoagulant by suppressing the enzyme epoxide reductase in the liver, thereby suppressing the formation of the reduced form of vitamin K epoxide, which is needed for the synthesis of many coagulation factors. As a drug, it is often sold as the sodium salt of warfarin.
The modern Scottish kilt is worn by both male and female Highland dancers, bagpipers, Highland athletes, and other performers and entertainers. Apart from these activities, it is worn almost exclusively by men at Highland Games and elsewhere. Women other than dancers and performers sometimes wear a kiltlike garment called a kilt-skirt which differs in several particulars from the kilt.


===Discovery===
The organizations which sanction and grade the competitions in Scottish highland dancing and bagpiping all have rules governing acceptable attire for the competitors. These rules specify that kilts are to be worn (except that in the national dances, the female competitors will be wearing the Aboyne dress). The word ''kilt'' as used in this article refers to those garments as typically seen in such competitions.<ref>[http://www.bcpipers.org/rules.html Rules of the British Columbia Pipers Association] - in which "acceptable highland dress" for solo pipers and pipe bands is specified</ref> <ref>[http://www.margshighlanddancewear.com/sobhd.htm Costuming regulations of the Scottish Official Board of Highland Dancing]</ref>
The dangers of feeding livestock spoiled sweet clover hay were known in the 1920’s<ref>Wardrop D, Keeling D (2008) The story of the discovery of heparin and warfarin ''Brit J Haematol'' 141:757-63</ref> and scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison were spearheading the problem on multiple fronts. R.A. Brink and W.K. Smith were attempting to breed a new variety of clover that was free of the toxic effect and Karl Paul Link's laboratory was attempting to isolate the killer compound. Farmers were already hurting due to the Great Depression and despite knowing they should not feed their livestock such hay, they could not afford to buy uncontaminated supplies. This disease that was affecting many livestock throughout the US became known as "sweet clover disease".<ref>Duxbury BM, Poller L (2001) The oral anticoagulant saga: past, present, and future ''Clin Appl Thrombosis/Hemostasis'' 7:269–75 PMID 11697707</ref>


''[[Warfarin|.... (read more)]]''
===General description of a kilt===
 
The kilt, as referenced above, is a tailored garment which is wrapped around the wearer's body at the waist, hanging down encircling and covering the upper part of the legs above the knees. The fabric is cut so that it is open along a line from the waist to the lower edge (the ''selvedge'' on a kilt) with the opening being secured by means of straps and buckles.
 
The two ends of the kilt fabric overlap considerably to form what are called aprons. These aprons are positioned in the front while the remaining length of the fabric is pleated.
 
In addition, the kilt exhibits certain peculiarites of design, construction, and convention which differentiate it from other garments fitting the above description.
 
''[[Kilt|.... (read more)]]''


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Revision as of 17:44, 8 December 2011

Kilt

by James F. Perry (and Charles Sandberg, Chris Day and David Boven)


Highland dancer wearing a kilt

A kilt, as the term is used in this article, is a skirtlike traditional Scottish garment in its modern form as illustrated in the photo at right. In this form, the kilt can be seen at modern-day Highland games gatherings in Scotland and elsewhere throughout the world. Historical forms of the Scottish kilt have differed in several particulars (some quite substantial) from the modern-day version.

The modern Scottish kilt is worn by both male and female Highland dancers, bagpipers, Highland athletes, and other performers and entertainers. Apart from these activities, it is worn almost exclusively by men at Highland Games and elsewhere. Women other than dancers and performers sometimes wear a kiltlike garment called a kilt-skirt which differs in several particulars from the kilt.

The organizations which sanction and grade the competitions in Scottish highland dancing and bagpiping all have rules governing acceptable attire for the competitors. These rules specify that kilts are to be worn (except that in the national dances, the female competitors will be wearing the Aboyne dress). The word kilt as used in this article refers to those garments as typically seen in such competitions.[1] [2]

General description of a kilt

The kilt, as referenced above, is a tailored garment which is wrapped around the wearer's body at the waist, hanging down encircling and covering the upper part of the legs above the knees. The fabric is cut so that it is open along a line from the waist to the lower edge (the selvedge on a kilt) with the opening being secured by means of straps and buckles.

The two ends of the kilt fabric overlap considerably to form what are called aprons. These aprons are positioned in the front while the remaining length of the fabric is pleated.

In addition, the kilt exhibits certain peculiarites of design, construction, and convention which differentiate it from other garments fitting the above description.

.... (read more)