Nitrile: Difference between revisions
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==Reactivity== | ==Reactivity== | ||
*Nitriles are reduced to amines by hydrogen and a nickel catalyst | |||
*Nitriles are reduced to imines, then hydrolyzed to the aldehyde in the '''Stephens aldehyde synthesis'''. | *Nitriles are reduced to imines, then hydrolyzed to the aldehyde in the '''Stephens aldehyde synthesis'''. | ||
*Beta-ketoesters are formed from alpha-bromoesters and nitriles in the '''Blaise reaction'''. | *Beta-ketoesters are formed from alpha-bromoesters and nitriles in the '''Blaise reaction'''. | ||
*Nitriles are hydrolysed to amides by acid | *Nitriles are hydrolysed to amides by acid | ||
Revision as of 16:33, 28 October 2010
A nitrile is an organic compound containing a carbon triple bonded to nitrogen.
Synthesis
- The Sandmeyer reaction employing cuprous cyanide can be used to form nitriles from diazonium compounds.
- Aryl nitriles may be formed from aryl halides in the Rosenmund-von Braun reaction.
- The reaction of cyanide with aldehydes or ketones forms a cyanohydrin (ά-hydroxynitrile).
- Amides may be dehydrated to nitriles with a variety of reagents
Reactivity
- Nitriles are reduced to amines by hydrogen and a nickel catalyst
- Nitriles are reduced to imines, then hydrolyzed to the aldehyde in the Stephens aldehyde synthesis.
- Beta-ketoesters are formed from alpha-bromoesters and nitriles in the Blaise reaction.
- Nitriles are hydrolysed to amides by acid