Apolipoprotein: Difference between revisions
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In [[medicine]] and [[biochemistry]], '''apolipoproteins''' are "[[protein]] components on the surface of [[lipoprotein]]s. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and [[lipid metabolism]]. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the [[liver]] and the [[intestine]]s."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | In [[medicine]] and [[biochemistry]], '''apolipoproteins''' are "[[protein]] components on the surface of [[lipoprotein]]s. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and [[lipid metabolism]]. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the [[liver]] and the [[intestine]]s."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | ||
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* Apolipoproteins C | * Apolipoproteins C | ||
** Apolipoprotein C-I | ** Apolipoprotein C-I | ||
** Apolipoprotein C-II | ** Apolipoprotein C-II | ||
** Apolipoprotein C-III | ** [[Apolipoprotein C-III]] | ||
* Apolipoproteins D | * Apolipoproteins D | ||
* Apolipoproteins E. | * Apolipoproteins E. | ||
** Apolipoprotein E2 | ** Apolipoprotein E2 | ||
** Apolipoprotein E3 | ** Apolipoprotein E3 | ||
** Apolipoprotein E4 | ** [[Apolipoprotein E4]] | ||
==Role in dyslipidemias== | ==Role in dyslipidemias== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:31, 21 September 2010
In medicine and biochemistry, apolipoproteins are "protein components on the surface of lipoproteins. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and lipid metabolism. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the liver and the intestines."[1]
Classification
- Apolipoprotein A (apo A) is the structural protein of high density lipoproteins (alpha-lipoproteins).
- Apolipoprotein A-I (apo AI)
- Apolipoprotein A-II
- Apolipoproteins B
- Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) is the structural protein of LDL lipoproteins and VLDL lipoproteins.
- Apolipoprotein B-48 (apo B-48) is the structural protein of chylomicrons.
- Apolipoproteins C
- Apolipoprotein C-I
- Apolipoprotein C-II
- Apolipoprotein C-III
- Apolipoproteins D
- Apolipoproteins E.
- Apolipoprotein E2
- Apolipoprotein E3
- Apolipoprotein E4
Role in dyslipidemias
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein A-I is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I
Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C-II is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type I.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III
Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein E is the cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type III.
Role as a diagnostic tests
Measurement of blood apolipoproteins and the ratio of apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A-I are alternatives to measuring cholesterol levels and the ratio of non–HDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol in determining risk of vascular disease from atherosclerosis.[2]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Apolipoprotein (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK et al. (2009). "Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease.". JAMA 302 (18): 1993-2000. DOI:10.1001/jama.2009.1619. PMID 19903920. Research Blogging.