Scarborough Castle/Timelines: Difference between revisions
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|Possible settlement at [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] destroyed by [[Harald Hardrada]] using bonfire at the later Castle site | |Possible settlement at [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] destroyed by [[Harald Hardrada]] using bonfire at the later Castle site | ||
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|[[Scarborough Castle#The original castle, 1138-1157|1138]] | |[[Scarborough Castle#The original wooden castle, 1138-1157|1138]] | ||
|[[William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle]] builds a wooden [[castle]] at the site | |[[William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle]] builds a wooden [[castle]] at the site | ||
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Revision as of 02:41, 4 September 2009
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Click on dates for sections of the main article
Date | Event |
---|---|
c.900-500 BCE | Possible Iron Age settlements and hill fort |
c.500 BCE | Bronze Age; sword unearthed at the Castle dates from this time |
Fourth century CE | Roman signal station established |
c.1000 | Anglo-Saxon chapel built |
1066 | Possible settlement at Scarborough destroyed by Harald Hardrada using bonfire at the later Castle site |
1138 | William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle builds a wooden castle at the site |
1157 | Henry II of England begins building a new stone castle, possible after demolishing William's |
1159 | Work begins on the Castle keep |
1169 | Keep completed |
1179 | William le Gros dies |
1202 | King John upgrades the castle with a new curtain wall; builds the 'King's Chambers' |
1212 | Most upgrades complete; keep roof repaired |
1237 | Storm damages keep roof |
1243-1244 | New barbican gateway building begins under the orders of Henry III |
c.1250s | Governorship of Geoffrey de Neville; corruption and natural wear lead to decline of Castle |
c.1270s | Governorship of William de Percy; garrison imposes illegal tolls on the townsfolk, steals pigs |
1275 | Edward I holds court at the Castle |
1280 | Edward I's second court at Scarborough Castle |
1311 | Edward II imprisons Scottish enemies at the Castle |
1312 | Piers Gaveston awarded governorship of the Castle by Edward II and besieged by barons; town's royal priviliges revoked following Gaveston's murder |
1318-1635 | Hundred Years War: Scarborough, a centre of the wool trade, attacked several times |
1318 | Castle sacked and burnt by Robert the Bruce and Sir James Douglas |
1343 | Barbican completed |
1424-1429 | Henry VI orders major repairs to the Castle |
1536 | Pilgrimage of Grace: Robert Aske's forces unsuccessfully try to take the Castle |
April 1557 | Thomas Wyatt the younger's forces take the castle disguised as peasants; Thomas Stafford executed on Tower Hill after holding the Castle for three days |
1569 | Castle garrisoned against a predicted Scottish invasion during the Rising of the North; attack never comes |
1642-1651 | English Civil War: Scarborough sides with the Royalists; Castle garrison led by Sir Hugh Cholmley |
March 1643 | Cholmley briefly loses the Castle to his cousin, Captain Browne Bushell |
August 1644 | Parliamentary forces reach Scarborough following Royalist defeat at Marston Moor and the fall of York; Cholmley stalls with surrender negotiations |
18th February 1645 | First siege of the Castle by Parliamentary forces begins |
1st May 1645 | Parliamentarians' Committee of Both Kingdoms orders that the Castle be taken at all costs |
25th July 1645 | Castle garrison surrenders following five-month siege that sees the keep partially destroyed |
27th July 1648 | New castle garrison goes over to the Royalist side |
19th December 1648 | Second siege brings Castle back under Parliamentary control; later used as a prison |
April 1665 - September 1666 | Imprisonment of George Fox, founder of the Quakers |
1745-1746 | Castle refortified during the Jacobite Rebellion; keep used to store gunpowder |
1748 | Master Gunners's House built as accommodation |
1779 | Scarborians watch a sea battle from Castle Hill between American and British ships during the American Revolutionary War |
1796 | French prisoners held at the Castle during the Napoleonic Wars; permanent garrison stationed at the castle until the mid-nineteenth century |
16th December 1914 | Keep damaged by German warships during the Bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool; barracks later demolished due to damage from shelling |
1920 | Castle taken into public ownership by the Ministry of Works |
1980 | Bronze Age sword unearthed from the site; this can be seen in the Castle's exhibition |
1984 | English Heritage awarded the site |
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