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In [[physics]], '''gauss''' (symbol G) is the unit of strength of [[magnetic flux density]] '''B''' (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the [[Gaussian system]] of electromagnetic units, which is a cgs (centimeter-gram-second) system. The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]].
In [[physics]], '''gauss''' (symbol '''G''') is the unit of strength of [[magnetic flux density]] |'''B'''| (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the [[Gaussian units|Gaussian]] and emu (electromagnetic) systems of units, which are cgs (centimeter-gram-second) systems. The unit is related to the [[SI]] unit [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (T) as follows.
: 1 G &equiv; 1 Mx/cm<sup>2</sup> = 10<sup>&minus;4</sup>&nbsp; T,
where Mx (maxwell) is the Gaussian unit for magnetic flux.


The gauss is defined through an electromotive force <math>\scriptstyle \mathcal{E}</math> induced by a change in magnetic field '''B'''.  For constant surface ''S'' and uniform rate of decrease of |'''B'''|, [[Faraday's law (electromagnetism)|Faraday's law]] takes the simple form  
The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]].
 
==Definition==
The gauss is defined through an electromotive force <math>\mathcal{E}</math> induced by a change in magnetic field '''B'''.  For constant surface ''S'' and uniform rate of decrease of |'''B'''|, [[Faraday's law (electromagnetism)|Faraday's law]] takes the simple form  
:<math>
:<math>
|\mathbf{B}| = \frac{\Phi}{S} = - \frac{t\,\mathcal{E}}{S} .  
|\mathbf{B}| = \frac{\Phi}{S} = - \frac{t\,\mathcal{E}}{S} ,  
</math>
</math>
where &Phi; is the [[magnetic flux]] passing through  ''S'' and uniform rate of decrease means linearity in time:
<math>
\Phi = - t \mathcal{E}.
</math>
Hence, gauss is equal to maxwell per unit surface, where [[maxwell (unit)|maxwell]] (symbol Mx) is the Gaussian unit for  &Phi;, and |'''B'''| is  a flux density.


Hence, gauss is maxwell per unit surface, where [[maxwell]] (symbol Mx) is the Gaussian unit for the [[magnetic flux]] &Phi;, and |'''B'''| is clearly  a flux density. 
In Gaussian units  ''S'' is in cm<sup>2</sup>, time ''t'' in  [[second|s]], <math> \mathcal{E}</math> in [[abvolt|abV]] ( = 10<sup>&minus;8</sup> [[volt]]), |'''B'''| in G, and &Phi; in Mx:
: 1 G = 1 Mx/cm<sup>2</sup> = 1 abV•s/cm<sup>2</sup>


In Gaussian units  ''S'' is in cm<sup>2</sup>, time ''t'' in  [[second|s]], <math>\scriptstyle \mathcal{E}</math> in [[abvolt|abV]] ( = 10<sup>&minus;8</sup> [[volt]]),  |'''B'''| in G, and &Phi; in Mx:
==Related unit==
: 1 G = 1 Mx/cm<sup>2</sup> = 1 abV&sdot;s/cm<sup>2</sup>
* The [[oersted]] is the Gaussian unit of strength of a [[magnetic field]] |'''H'''|. The oersted is defined by means of an electric current giving the field '''H'''.


==Related units==
==References==
* The [[tesla]] (T) is the corresponding [[SI]] unit for '''B'''. 1 T corresponds to 10&thinsp;000 G.
<references/>
* The [[oersted]] is the Gaussian unit of strength of a [[magnetic field]] '''H'''. Note that the oersted is defined by  means of an electric current that gives '''H'''.

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In physics, gauss (symbol G) is the unit of strength of magnetic flux density |B| (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the Gaussian and emu (electromagnetic) systems of units, which are cgs (centimeter-gram-second) systems. The unit is related to the SI unit tesla (T) as follows.

1 G ≡ 1 Mx/cm2 = 10−4  T,

where Mx (maxwell) is the Gaussian unit for magnetic flux.

The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Definition

The gauss is defined through an electromotive force induced by a change in magnetic field B. For constant surface S and uniform rate of decrease of |B|, Faraday's law takes the simple form

where Φ is the magnetic flux passing through S and uniform rate of decrease means linearity in time: Hence, gauss is equal to maxwell per unit surface, where maxwell (symbol Mx) is the Gaussian unit for Φ, and |B| is a flux density.

In Gaussian units S is in cm2, time t in s, in abV ( = 10−8 volt), |B| in G, and Φ in Mx:

1 G = 1 Mx/cm2 = 1 abV•s/cm2

Related unit

  • The oersted is the Gaussian unit of strength of a magnetic field |H|. The oersted is defined by means of an electric current giving the field H.

References