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'''NLEC''' is an abbreviation for '''No Longer Enemy Combatant''', a term the [[George W. Bush Administration]] used for prisoners at the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]  whose [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]] determined they should not have been classified as "[[enemy combatant]]s".<ref name=Afps31063>
{{main|Combatant Status Review Tribunal}}
{{cite news
{{main|Guantanamo Bay detention camp/Catalogs}}
| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=31063
| title=38 Guantanamo Detainees to Be Freed After Tribunals
| author=[[Kathleen T. Rhem]]
| publisher=[[American Forces Press Service]]
| date=March 30, 2005
| accessdate=2007-09-01
}}</ref>
 
Thirty-eight detainees were classified as "NLECs".<ref name=WapoNlec>
[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/guantanamo/nlec/ Guantanamo Bay Detainees Classifed as "No Longer Enemy Combatants"], ''[[Washington Post]]''</ref>
The fifth [[Denbeaux study|Denbeaux report]], "[[No-hearing hearings]]", reported that an additional three Combatant Status Review Tribunals determined that captives should not have been determined to have been enemy combatants, only to have their recommendation overturned.<ref name=Denbeaux061117>
[[Mark Denbeaux]] et al,
[http://law.shu.edu/news/final_no_hearing_hearings_report.pdf No-hearing hearings]", November 17 2006</ref>
 
The ''[[Washington Post]]'' has published a list of the names of 30 of the 38 individuals who were determined not to have been enemy combatants.<ref name=WapoNlec>
[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/guantanamo/nlec/ Guantanamo Bay Detainees Classifed as "No Longer Enemy Combatants"], ''[[Washington Post]]''</ref>
None of the detainees who were determined not to have been enemy combatants were released right away.  Ten of the detainees who had been determined not to have been enemy combatants were allowed to move to the more comfortable [[Camp Iguana]].  Others, such as [[Sami Al Laithi]], remained in solitary confinement.
 
The delay in the release of some of the detainees was due to considerations of the detainees safety. Under the ''refoulement'' provision of the [[Convention against Torture]], a country may not send an individual to a country where he may be tortured. 
 
Some of the detainees could not be returned to their home countries, out of fears of retaliation from their fellow citizens, or the governments of their countries.  Some, like Al Laithi, were returned to their home countries after the U.S. secured a promise that they would not be punished by their home countries.  Others, like five of [[Uighur detainees in Guantanamo]], were released when the U.S. found a third country which would accept them.<ref name=Bbc060506>
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4979466.stm Albania takes Guantanamo Uighurs], ''[[BBC]]'', [[May 6]] [[2006]]
</ref><ref name=BostonGlobe060518>
[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/05/18/freed_from_guantanamo_5_face_danger_in_albania/ Freed from Guantanamo, 5 face danger in Albania], ''[[Boston Globe]]'', May 18 2006
</ref>
 
Three further captives who had been determined not to have been enemy combatants, who had been occupants of Camp Iguana since May 2005, were released in Albania in November 2006.<ref name=UsStateDept061120>
[http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=November&x=20061120180922sjhtrop0.7480738 Albania Agrees To Resettle Three Detainees from Guantanamo], ''[[US State Department]]'', November 20 2006
</ref><ref name=MiamiHerald061117>
[http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/16040949.htm Pentagon sends Guantánamo captives to Albania], ''[[Miami Herald]]'', November 17 2006
</ref>
 
==Multiple CSRTs==
The fifth Denbeaux study, entitled "No-hearing hearings", revealed that some Guantanamo captives had second or third Combatant Status Review Tribunals convened when their first Tribunal determined that they had not been enemy combatants after all.<ref name="No-hearing_hearings">
{{cite web
| url=http://law.shu.edu/news/final_no_hearing_hearings_report.pdf
| title=No-hearing hearings
| page=page 17
| author=[[Mark Denbeaux]], [[Joshua Denbeaux]], David Gratz, John Gregorek, Matthew Darby, Shana Edwards, Shane Hartman, Daniel Mann, Megan Sassaman and Helen Skinner
| publisher=[[Seton Hall University]] School of Law
| accessdate=2007-04-02
}}</ref>
 
[[H. Candace Gorman]], the [[pro bono]] lawyer for [[Abdel Hamid Ibn Abdussalem Ibn Mifta Al Ghazzawi]] described her surprise when she learned that her client had initially been determined not to have been an enemy combatant, after all.<ref name=HuffingtonPost061120>
[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/h-candace-gorman-/secrets-of-the-war-crimin_b_34505.html Secrets of the War Criminals],  ''[[Huffington Post]]'', December 12 2006</ref>  Gorman described traveling to the secure site in Virginia, the only place where lawyers were allowed to review their client's classified files.  She was told that the justification for convening her client's second Tribunal had been that the DoD had new evidence.  But, when she reviewed the transcript of his second Tribunal she found that there had been no new evidence.
 
[[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Stephen Abraham]] came forward and swore an affidavit,<ref name=Affidavit>{{cite web
| url=http://www.scotusblog.com/movabletype/archives/Al%20Odah%20reply%206-22-07.pdf
| title=Declaration of Stephen Abraham, Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army Reserve, June 14th, 2007
| publisher=[[United States Supreme Court]]
| date=June 14 2007
| accessdate=2007-06-25
}}</ref> describing his experience sitting on Al Ghazzawi's Tribunal.<ref name=Cbs20070623>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/06/23/world/main2970288_page2.shtml
| title=Gitmo Panelist Slams Hearing Process: Lt. Col. Stephen Abraham Is First Member Of Military Panel To Challenge Guantanamo Bay Hearings
| date=June 23, 2007
| publisher=[[CBS]]
| accessdate=2007-06-23
}}</ref>
 
==NLEC captives==
 
On [[November 19]] [[2007]] the Department of Defense published a list of the 38 men finally deemed to be no longer enemy combatants in 2004.<ref name=DoDNlecList20071119>
{{cite news
| url=http://media.miamiherald.com/smedia/2008/03/27/20/NLEC_DetaineeList.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf
| title=Detainees Found to No Longer Meet the Definition of "Enemy Combatant" during Combatant Status Review Tribunals Held at Guantanamo
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]
| author=
| date=[[November 19]], [[2007]]
| accessdate=2008-03-01
| quote=
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''NLEC captives'''
|-
! '''[[Internee Security Number|isn]]''' || '''name''' || '''notes'''
|-
| 142 || [[Fazaldad]] || Date of his release to [[Pakistan]] unknown.
|-
| 208 || [[Maroof Saleemovich Salehove]] || Date of his release to [[Tajikistan]] unknown.
|-
| 248 || [[Saleh Abdall Al Oshan]] || Repatriated to Saudi custody.repatriated to Saudi custody on July 20 2005.<ref name=TheSaudiRepatriatesReport>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.fotofest.org/guantanamo/SaudiReport.pdf
| title=The Saudi Repatriates Report
| author=[[Anant Raut]], [[Jill M. Friedman]]
| date=March 19 2007
| accessdate=2007-04-21
}}</ref><ref name=Reuters060526> [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/5b4fb18f40ca51d56c447200d2d10865.htm Saudi Arabia: Guantanamo Detainees Return to Legal Limbo], ''[[Reuters]]'', [[May 26]] [[2006]]</ref>
|-
| 260 || [[Ahmed Adil]] || Sent to [[Albania]] with four other [[Uyghur]]s.
|-
| 276 || [[Akhdar Qasem Basit]] || Sent to [[Albania]] with four other [[Uyghur]]s.
|-
| 279 || [[Mohammed Ayub]] || Sent to [[Albania]] with four other [[Uyghur]]s.
|-
| 283 || [[Abu Bakr Qasim]] || Sent to [[Albania]] with four other [[Uyghur]]s.
|-
| 287 || [[Sami Abdul Aziz Salim Allaithy]] || Repatriated to Egypt, after assurances.
|-
| 293 || [[Adel Abdulhehim]] || Sent to [[Albania]] with four other [[Uyghur]]s.
|-
| 298 || [[Salih Uyar]] || Released to [[Turkey]] in April 2005.<ref name=ChinaDaily20050420>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-04/20/content_435839.htm
| title=17 Afghans, Turk home from Guantanamo Bay
| publisher=[[China Daily]]
| date=April 20, 2005
| accessdate=2008-04-18
| quote=Pentagon spokesman Maj. Michael Shavers said the 17 Afghans and the Turkish man had been cleared of accusations they were enemy combatants during the Combatant Status Review Tribunal process that recently ended. Five others cleared in late March already had been sent home and another 15 await transfers home.
}}</ref>
|-
| 357 || [[Abdul Rahman (Guantanamo detainee 357)|Abdul Rahman]] || Released to [[Afghanistan]] in April 2005.<ref name=ChinaDaily20050420/><ref name=NYTimes20070420>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/20/international/asia/20afghan.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
| title=17 Afghans Freed From Guantánamo Prison
| publisher=[[New York Times]]
| author=[[Carlotta Gall]]
| date=April 20 2005
| accessdate=2008-04-18
| quote=In a brief ceremony, Chief Justice [[Fazil Hadi Shinwari]] told the 17 men that they were free to return home and he tried to reconcile them to the idea their imprisonment was something sent from God. Some prisoners in Guantánamo were guilty and deserved to be imprisoned, he said, but others were innocent victims of false accusations or military mistakes, or were duped into supporting terrorism.
}}</ref>  Reported abuse in custody.
|-
| 457 || [[Mohammad Gul]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 459 || [[Gul Zaman]] || Released to [[Afghanistan]] in April 2005.<ref name=ChinaDaily20050420/><ref name=NYTimes20070420/>
|-
| 491 || [[Sadik Ahmad Turkistani]] || Uyghur born in Saudi Arabia, repatriated to [[Saudi Arabia]].
|-
| 561 || [[Abdul Rahim Muslimdost]] || Released to [[Afghanistan]] in April 2005.<ref name=ChinaDaily20050420/><ref name=NYTimes20070420/>  Wrote a book about his experiences in Guantanamo, then disappeared mysteriously.
|-
| 581 || [[Shed Abdur Rahman]] || Date of his release to [[Pakistan]] unknown.
|-
| 586 || [[Karam Khamis Sayd Khamsan]] || Date of his release to [[Pakistan]] unknown.  Charged with attempting to assassinate The USA's ambassador to Yemen in December 2005.  Acquitted on March 13 2006.<ref name=Upi060316>{{cite news
| url=http://www.upi.com/SecurityTerrorism/view.php?StoryID=20060317-110234-8288r
| title=Security & Terrorism
| publisher=[[United Press International]]
| date=[[March 18]] [[2006]]
| accessdate=2006-03-19
}}</ref>
|-
| 589 || [[Khalid Mahomoud Abdul Wahab Al Asmr]]  || Date of return to [[Jordan]] unknown.
|-
| 631 || [[Padsha Wazir]]  || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 649 || [[Mustaq Ali Patel]]  || Returned to [[France]].
|-
| 672 || [[Zakirjan Asam]] || Date of return to [[Uzbekistan]] unknown.
|-
| 712 || [[Hammad Ali Amno Gadallah]] || Date of return to [[Sudan]] unknown.
|-
| 716 || [[Allah Muhammed Saleem]] || Released to [[Albania]], on [[January 7]] [[2007]], where he has applied for asylum.<ref name=AsharqAlawsat070106>{{cite news
| url=http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=7564
| title=Egypt: Human Rights Activist Identifies 2 Former Egyptian Guantanamo Detainees
| date=[[January 6]] [[2007]]
| author=Essam Fadl
| publisher=[[Asharq Alawsat]]
| accessdate=2007-01-07
}}</ref>
|-
| 718 || [[Fethi Boucetta]]  || Released to [[Albania]] rather than his home of [[Algeria]].
|-
| 730 || [[Ibrahim Fauzee]]  || Citizen of the [[Maldives]].  Release date unknown.
|-
| 812 || [[Qalandar Shah]]  || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 834 || [[Shahwali Zair Mohammed Shaheen Naqeebyllah]]  || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 835 || [[Rasool Shahwali Zair Mohammed Mohammed]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 929 || [[Abdul Qudus]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 952 || [[Shahzada (Guantanamo captive 952)|Shahzada]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 953 || [[Hammdidullah]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 958 || [[Mohammad Nasim (Guantanamo detainee 958)|Mohammad Nasim]]  || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 986 || [[Kako Kandahari]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 1013 || [[Feda Ahmed]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 1019 || [[Nasibullah]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 1041 || [[Habib Noor]] || Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 1117 || [[Jalil]]|| Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|-
| 1157 || [[Hukumra Khan]]|| Date of return to Afghanistan unknown.
|}
 
==See also==
*[[Seton Hall study]]
 
==References==
<references/>

Latest revision as of 10:18, 30 May 2009

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For more information, see: Combatant Status Review Tribunal.
For more information, see: Guantanamo Bay detention camp/Catalogs.
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