I (letter): Difference between revisions
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'''I''' is the ninth letter of the [[English alphabet]]. Its name is pronounced just like ''I'', ''eye'' and ''aye'' (Î, eŷe and aŷe: the accents show stress and pronunciation: see [[English phonemes]]). | '''I''' is the ninth letter of the [[English alphabet]]. Its name is pronounced just like ''I'', ''eye'' and ''aye'' (Î, eŷe and aŷe: the accents show stress and pronunciation: see [[English phonemes]]). | ||
==Use in English== | ==Use in English== | ||
A third sound, long also, = ê, usually from Latin languages: machìne, elìte, Janìne, Christìna, polìce, Argentìna, skì, ballerìna, and unstressed: piâno (where it resembles the consonantal sound of y) Nàzì, Chrístìne or Christìne, mézzanìne, qùarantìne, and also Benìn. | |||
This ending can also be -îne: fîne, dîne, undermîne, and -íne when unstressed: exámíne, detërmíne, ërmíne. | |||
i before e except after c remains a good rule, and the same applies to w with the exception of wìêld. ei after c also has the ì sound: decêit, cêiling, recêive - and similarly after w: wêird, wêir - though not in wèigh, wèight heavy (= wây how, wâit time). | |||
The third sound of ì merges into a preceding s to make the zh sound in -sion: | |||
vísion, derísion, lêsion, télevísion, revísion and into preceding c and t to make the sh sound in -cious and -tion: précious, spêcious, ignítion, nâtion, creâtion, posítion, abstráction, inténtion, méntion and into x to make a ksh sound in -xious: ánxious, nóxious (*ánkshəss, *nókshəss). | |||
There can be a similar effect before the suffixes -cia, -sia and -tia: | |||
Galìcia (-ìssiə) Patrícia (-íshə) Alícia (more often -íssiə than -íshə) Âsia (*Ashə or Âzhə) amnêsia, Maláysia, Indonêsia (all for most speakers -zhə) Croâtia (*Crôwâshə) milítia, inërtia (both -shə) - and in AmE with Tunisia (*Toô-nìzhə) but not in BrE (Chû-nízìə). | |||
The ïr sound: gïrl, fïrst, bïrth birthday (= bërth ship), gïrth, fïr tree (= für cat) and stïr, is the same sound as in nërve, türn and wörm wriggle (cf. wårm hot, wŏrn wear). | The ïr sound: gïrl, fïrst, bïrth birthday (= bërth ship), gïrth, fïr tree (= für cat) and stïr, is the same sound as in nërve, türn and wörm wriggle (cf. wårm hot, wŏrn wear). | ||
Revision as of 17:30, 4 March 2008
I is the ninth letter of the English alphabet. Its name is pronounced just like I, eye and aye (Î, eŷe and aŷe: the accents show stress and pronunciation: see English phonemes).
Use in English
A third sound, long also, = ê, usually from Latin languages: machìne, elìte, Janìne, Christìna, polìce, Argentìna, skì, ballerìna, and unstressed: piâno (where it resembles the consonantal sound of y) Nàzì, Chrístìne or Christìne, mézzanìne, qùarantìne, and also Benìn. This ending can also be -îne: fîne, dîne, undermîne, and -íne when unstressed: exámíne, detërmíne, ërmíne.
i before e except after c remains a good rule, and the same applies to w with the exception of wìêld. ei after c also has the ì sound: decêit, cêiling, recêive - and similarly after w: wêird, wêir - though not in wèigh, wèight heavy (= wây how, wâit time).
The third sound of ì merges into a preceding s to make the zh sound in -sion: vísion, derísion, lêsion, télevísion, revísion and into preceding c and t to make the sh sound in -cious and -tion: précious, spêcious, ignítion, nâtion, creâtion, posítion, abstráction, inténtion, méntion and into x to make a ksh sound in -xious: ánxious, nóxious (*ánkshəss, *nókshəss).
There can be a similar effect before the suffixes -cia, -sia and -tia: Galìcia (-ìssiə) Patrícia (-íshə) Alícia (more often -íssiə than -íshə) Âsia (*Ashə or Âzhə) amnêsia, Maláysia, Indonêsia (all for most speakers -zhə) Croâtia (*Crôwâshə) milítia, inërtia (both -shə) - and in AmE with Tunisia (*Toô-nìzhə) but not in BrE (Chû-nízìə).
The ïr sound: gïrl, fïrst, bïrth birthday (= bërth ship), gïrth, fïr tree (= für cat) and stïr, is the same sound as in nërve, türn and wörm wriggle (cf. wårm hot, wŏrn wear).
A list of irregular i’s:
| spelling | pronunciation |
|---|---|
| again | *əgén; or əgâin |
| against | *əgénst; or əgâinst |
| croissant | *kwússón (French nasal -on) |
| impasse | (regular) ímpasse or (irregular) *ámpasse (á or à) |
| lingerie | *lànjerèy (è stressed) |
| meringue | *meráng |
| reveille | *reválly |
| said | *séd |
Final i is usually unstressed î: álibî, nùclêî, rábbî, Mâgî. Also: pî number (= pîe eat) - but not usually in monosyllables: skì, dôh-rè-mì (mì = mê mine) and not in nationalities: Sàudì (*Sòwdi), Pakistānì, nor in girls’ names: Térrì, Dórì, Nâomì, Jácquì (-kì) nor in Italian words: raviôlì, spaghéttì, conféttì, Rossìnì.
Double i is very rare and usually accidental: skìíng, Shìîte, râdìî and Hawàiì (*Ha-wài-ì: three syllables).
-ice: In monosyllables: twîce, nîce, trîce, thrîce, vîce, lîce, prîce and in: sácrifîce, devîce, advîce but -íce usually in words of more than one syllable: pôultíce, crévíce, nótíce, láttíce, Véníce, hóspíce, órifíce, nóvíce. But: polìce.
-ive: Adjectives have an unstressed -íve: obtrûsíve, abûsíve, tålkatíve, demónstratíve, contémplatíve, progréssíve, regréssíve, inclûsíve and nouns: môtíve, explêtíve, dîgestíve (noun or adjective) while verbs have a stressed -îve: contrîve, arrîve, deprîve, revîve, but: líve (verb) lîve (adjective) alîve (adjective).
-ible, or -able (see also under a): sénsible, respónsible, póssible, éligible, suscéptible, convërtible.
In more recent formations from nouns and verbs -able is usual: êatable (cf. édible) pálatable, unbreâkable, unrepêatable, classifîable, relîable (in)dispénsable and also, to prevent -ii-, vîable. ii does, however, occur in two words, skìing and Hawàìi (*Həwàì). See under a for the suffixes -icle, -ical, -acle, and -age (*-íj).
The merely negative prefix dís- (distâsteful, disâbled, disinclîned) sounds exactly like another, dýs-, which means bad: dýsentery, dysléxia, dysfúnction.
i is redundant in friénd, pláit, sûit, frûit, jûice, slûice, crûise, brûise, recrûit, pursûit, nûisance, pàrliament, cárriage, márriage (both -ríj).