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In [[human anatomy]], the '''pterygopalatine fossa''' is a [[fossa]] in the skull. | |||
==Contents== | ==Contents== | ||
===Blood vessels=== | ===Blood vessels=== | ||
The internal maxillary artery branch of the carotid artery passes through the pterygopalatine fossa.<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt3a">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=3a. 2. The External Carotid Artery|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/144.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | {{Image|Gray510.gif|right|350px|The third (pterygopalatine) portion of internal maxillary artery passes vertically through the pterygopalatine fossa.}} | ||
The third (pterygopalatine) portion of internal maxillary artery branch of the external carotid artery passes through the pterygopalatine fossa.<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt3a">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |edition=20th edition|publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=3a. 2. The External Carotid Artery|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/144.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | |||
===Nerves=== | ===Nerves=== | ||
Components of several nerves pass through the pterygopalatine fossa. | Components of several nerves pass through the pterygopalatine fossa. | ||
====Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)==== | ====Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)==== | ||
The maxillary branch of the | The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve gives rise to the zygomatic nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | ||
====Fascial nerve (cranial nerve VII)==== | ====Fascial nerve (cranial nerve VII)==== | ||
The | Sensory fibers of the facial nerve are contained in the nerve of the pteryoid canal that passes through the pterygoid canal into the pterygopalatine fossa.<ref name="isbn0-8121-0377-7-chapt12-p927">{{cite book |author=Goss, Charles Mayo; Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |edition=29th edition|chapter=The peripheral nervous system: the facial nerve|publisher=Lea & Febiger |location=Philadelphia |year=1973 |pages=927 |isbn=0-8121-0377-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> The nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by the union of the greater petrosal (formerly called the greater superficial petrosal nerve in earlier editions of Gray's<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>) nerve and the deep petrosal nerve. Most of the nerve of the pteryoid canal is sensory fibers from synapses in the geniculate ganglion on their way to lesser palatine nerves and the auditory tube. The greater petrosal nerve also contains [[autonomic nervous system|autonomic nerves]] consisting of [[parasympathetic nervous system|parasympathetic]] from the greater petrosal nerve and [[sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] nerves from the deep petrosal nerve.<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |edition=20th edition|publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | ||
====Parasympathetic nerves==== | ====Autonomic nerves==== | ||
The pterygopalatine ganglion is in the pterygopalatine fossa. | {{Image|Gray780.gif|right|350px|The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's) within the pterygopalatine fossa.}} | ||
Both [[sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] and [[parasympathetic nervous system|parasympathetic]] nerves of the [[autonomic nervous system]] pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>) in the pterygopalatine fossa. | |||
=====Parasympathetic nerves===== | |||
The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>) is in the pterygopalatine fossa. This ganglion contains [[parasympathetic nervous system|parasympathetic]] neurons that leave the brain in the facial nerve, become part of the greater petrosal (called the greater superficial petrosal nerve in earlier editions of Gray's<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>) branch of the facial nerve, and then synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion. These fibers then travel ''backward'' along the main maxillary nerve before joining the lacrimal nerve.<ref name="isbn0-8121-0377-7-chapt12-p917">{{cite book |author=Goss, Charles Mayo; Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |edition=29th edition|chapter=The peripheral nervous system: the trigeminal nerve|publisher=Lea & Febiger |location=Philadelphia |year=1973 |pages=917 |isbn=0-8121-0377-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | |||
====Sympathetic nerves==== | =====Sympathetic nerves===== | ||
The sphenopalatine ganglion | The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5e. The Trigeminal Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/200.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g">{{cite book |author=Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body|edition=20th edition |publisher=Bartleby.com |location= |year=1918|chapter=5g. The Facial Nerve|chapterurl=http://www.bartleby.com/107/202.html |pages= |isbn=1-58734-102-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>) is in the pterygopalatine fossa.<ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e"/><ref name="isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g"/> This ganglion contains [[sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] neurons that originate in synapses in the superior cervical ganglia, then accompany the carotid artery into the skull, then accompany the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve, and then pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing on their way to the lacrimal gland.<ref name="isbn0-8121-0377-7-chapt12-p927">{{cite book |author=Goss, Charles Mayo; Gray, Henry David |title=Anatomy of the human body |edition=29th edition|chapter=The peripheral nervous system: the facial nerve|publisher=Lea & Febiger |location=Philadelphia |year=1973 |pages=927 |isbn=0-8121-0377-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | ||
==Openings== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[ | ==External links== | ||
* Tufts University Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology Medical and Dental Gross [http://iris3.med.tufts.edu/ Anatomy Web Server]: [http://iris3.med.tufts.edu/headneck/Pterygopalatine/Pterygopalatine%20fossa%20text.htm The Pterygopalatine fossa] | |||
Revision as of 08:47, 8 June 2009
In human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa is a fossa in the skull.
Contents
Blood vessels
The third (pterygopalatine) portion of internal maxillary artery branch of the external carotid artery passes through the pterygopalatine fossa.[1]
Nerves
Components of several nerves pass through the pterygopalatine fossa.
Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve gives rise to the zygomatic nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.[2]
Fascial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
Sensory fibers of the facial nerve are contained in the nerve of the pteryoid canal that passes through the pterygoid canal into the pterygopalatine fossa.[3] The nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by the union of the greater petrosal (formerly called the greater superficial petrosal nerve in earlier editions of Gray's[2][4]) nerve and the deep petrosal nerve. Most of the nerve of the pteryoid canal is sensory fibers from synapses in the geniculate ganglion on their way to lesser palatine nerves and the auditory tube. The greater petrosal nerve also contains autonomic nerves consisting of parasympathetic from the greater petrosal nerve and sympathetic nerves from the deep petrosal nerve.[4]
Autonomic nerves
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's[2][4]) in the pterygopalatine fossa.
Parasympathetic nerves
The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's[2][4]) is in the pterygopalatine fossa. This ganglion contains parasympathetic neurons that leave the brain in the facial nerve, become part of the greater petrosal (called the greater superficial petrosal nerve in earlier editions of Gray's[2][4]) branch of the facial nerve, and then synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion. These fibers then travel backward along the main maxillary nerve before joining the lacrimal nerve.[5]
Sympathetic nerves
The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's gangion; sphenopalatine ganglion in earlier editions of Gray's[2][4]) is in the pterygopalatine fossa.[2][4] This ganglion contains sympathetic neurons that originate in synapses in the superior cervical ganglia, then accompany the carotid artery into the skull, then accompany the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve, and then pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing on their way to the lacrimal gland.[3]
Openings
References
- ↑ Gray, Henry David (1918). “3a. 2. The External Carotid Artery”, Anatomy of the human body, 20th edition. Bartleby.com. ISBN 1-58734-102-6.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Gray, Henry David (1918). “5e. The Trigeminal Nerve”, Anatomy of the human body, 20th edition. Bartleby.com. ISBN 1-58734-102-6. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5e" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goss, Charles Mayo; Gray, Henry David (1973). “The peripheral nervous system: the facial nerve”, Anatomy of the human body, 29th edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 927. ISBN 0-8121-0377-7.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Gray, Henry David (1918). “5g. The Facial Nerve”, Anatomy of the human body, 20th edition. Bartleby.com. ISBN 1-58734-102-6. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "isbn1-58734-102-6chapt5g" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Goss, Charles Mayo; Gray, Henry David (1973). “The peripheral nervous system: the trigeminal nerve”, Anatomy of the human body, 29th edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 917. ISBN 0-8121-0377-7.
External links
- Tufts University Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology Medical and Dental Gross Anatomy Web Server: The Pterygopalatine fossa