Magnesium in nutrition and human health: Difference between revisions
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'''Magnesium''' is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,<ref name="pmid14970378">{{cite journal |author=Draper DE |title=A guide to ions and RNA structure |journal=RNA |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=335–43 |year=2004 |pmid=14970378 |doi=}}</ref> or neuromuscular excitability. | '''Magnesium''' is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,<ref name="pmid14970378">{{cite journal |author=Draper DE |title=A guide to ions and RNA structure |journal=RNA |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=335–43 |year=2004 |pmid=14970378 |doi=}}</ref> or neuromuscular excitability.<ref name="pmid15001450">{{cite journal |author=Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T |title=Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=286 |issue=4 |pages=F599–605 |year=2004 |pmid=15001450 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003}}</ref> | ||
==Relationship with other ions== | ==Relationship with other ions== | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
===Calcium=== | ===Calcium=== | ||
Also see Neurology<ref name="pmid16809360"/> | Also see Neurology section below.<ref name="pmid16809360"/> | ||
===Sodium=== | ===Sodium=== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
===Neurology=== | ===Neurology=== | ||
<ref name="pmid16809360">{{cite journal |author=McBain CJ, Traynelis SF |title=Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=575 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=317–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16809360 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629}}</ref> | This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials.<ref name="pmid16809360">{{cite journal |author=McBain CJ, Traynelis SF |title=Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=575 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=317–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16809360 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629}}</ref> | ||
====Stroke==== | ====Stroke==== | ||
Magnesium in stroke treatment<ref name="pmid12496316">{{cite journal |author=Muir KW |title=Magnesium in stroke treatment |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=925 |pages=641–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12496316 |doi=}}</ref>. Also see | Magnesium in stroke treatment<ref name="pmid12496316">{{cite journal |author=Muir KW |title=Magnesium in stroke treatment |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=925 |pages=641–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12496316 |doi=}}</ref>. Also see [[Emergency medicine]]. | ||
===Kidney diseases=== | ===Kidney diseases=== | ||
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===Cardiovascular disease=== | ===Cardiovascular disease=== | ||
Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural ''calcium channel blocker''. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a [[statin]]. Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.<ref name="pmid15466951">{{cite journal |author=Rosanoff A, Seelig MS |title=Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=501S–505S |year=2004 |pmid=15466951 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
===Obstetrics=== | ===Obstetrics=== | ||
New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency<ref name="pmid15637217">{{cite journal |author=Durlach J |title=New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=694S–700S |year=2004 |pmid=15637217 |doi=}}</ref> | New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency<ref name="pmid15637217">{{cite journal |author=Durlach J |title=New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency |journal=J Am Coll Nutr |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=694S–700S |year=2004 |pmid=15637217 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
==Sources of magnesium== | ==Sources of magnesium== | ||
===Water=== | ===Water=== | ||
===Food=== | ===Food=== | ||
==Absorption== | ==Absorption== | ||
Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans<ref name="pmid12514257">{{cite journal |author=Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y |title=Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=2003 |pmid=12514257 |doi=}}</ref> | Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans<ref name="pmid12514257">{{cite journal |author=Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y |title=Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=2003 |pmid=12514257 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
==Causes of magnesium losses== | ==Causes of magnesium losses== | ||
The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review<ref name="pmid12944451">{{cite journal |author=Dubé L, Granry JC |title=The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review |journal=Can J Anaesth |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=732–46 |year=2003 |pmid=12944451 |doi=}}</ref> | The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review<ref name="pmid12944451">{{cite journal |author=Dubé L, Granry JC |title=The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review |journal=Can J Anaesth |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=732–46 |year=2003 |pmid=12944451 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 16:26, 17 April 2011
Magnesium is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,[1] or neuromuscular excitability.[2]
Relationship with other ions
Focusing on single ions rather than on their mutual interaction often leads to artificial controversies in which K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have each been claimed as the "most" important ionic determinant of pathologic processes such as hypertension.[3]
Calcium
Also see Neurology section below.[4]
Sodium
Potassium
The intracellular and extracellular milieus
Magnesium in disease
Neurology
This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials.[4]
Stroke
Magnesium in stroke treatment[5]. Also see Emergency medicine.
Kidney diseases
Asthma and COPD
Cardiovascular disease
Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural calcium channel blocker. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a statin. Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.[6]
Obstetrics
New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency[7]
Sources of magnesium
Water
Food
Absorption
Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans[8]
Causes of magnesium losses
The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review[9]
References
- ↑ Draper DE (2004). "A guide to ions and RNA structure". RNA 10 (3): 335–43. PMID 14970378. [e]
- ↑ Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T (2004). "Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286 (4): F599–605. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003. PMID 15001450. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Resnick LM, Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Veniero JM, Nicholson JP, Gupta RK (2001). "Relation of cellular potassium to other mineral ions in hypertension and diabetes". Hypertension 38 (3 Pt 2): 709–12. PMID 11566962. [e]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 McBain CJ, Traynelis SF (2006). "Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 575 (Pt 2): 317–8. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629. PMID 16809360. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Muir KW (2002). "Magnesium in stroke treatment". Postgrad Med J 78 (925): 641–5. PMID 12496316. [e]
- ↑ Rosanoff A, Seelig MS (2004). "Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (5): 501S–505S. PMID 15466951. [e]
- ↑ Durlach J (2004). "New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (6): 694S–700S. PMID 15637217. [e]
- ↑ Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y (2003). "Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans". J. Nutr. 133 (1): 1–4. PMID 12514257. [e]
- ↑ Dubé L, Granry JC (2003). "The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review". Can J Anaesth 50 (7): 732–46. PMID 12944451. [e]